Police Trauma and Addictions Essay - 1116 Words

Police Trauma and Addictions Tabel of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Substance Use and Abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Alcohol Abuse Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Trauma Strass Interventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 A study of 852 police officers found that nearly 50 percent of male and 40 percent of female officers consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Excessive amounts of alcohol is defined as more than 8 drinks per week at least twice a month or over 28 drinks a month for males and more than 6 drinks per week at least twice a month or 14 drinks a month for females and that nearly 90 percent of all officers consumed alcohol†¦show more content†¦Stree can generally be defined as the body’s non-specific response to any demand placed upon it. There are two main types of stress, chronic and acute. Chronic stressors are everyday stressors of a low to moderate intensity, such as organizational stress, poor supervision, and shift work. Acute stressors are events that are time limited and intense, such as critical incidents and officer involved shootings. Evidence suggests that the two factors often are linked, due to the high-stress environment of police work. Some examples that caus e trauma and stress could include an officer-involved shooting, the death of a coworker, serious injury while on duty, life-threatening incidents, hostage situations or negotiations, exposure to intense crime scenes, or a police suicide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated most often with critical incidents experienced by law enforcement officers. PTSD includes symptoms that develop when experiencing intense fear, helplessness, or horror. These symptoms cause discomfort while trying to function on the job. If the symptoms persist for more than 1 month or appear for the first time 6 months after the event, then possible PTSD should be treated. Many high ranking police officers still believe that stress is not a problem that requires attention. This belief is based on two assumptions 1) stress exists, but is aShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthe police forces says they are going after hardcore criminals when there were about 1.5 million arrest of drug related offenses in 2012 and about 50% were for marijuana use (Drugfree).The police force has been a number driven group since the beginning of the 1980’s. This means that one arrest is equal to â€Å"one† arrest. So if a police group spends two years tracking down a violent drug organization that’s killed maybe 20-30 people and they lock up six guys, that six â€Å"ones.† If that same police groupRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Overdose Deaths1493 Words   |  6 PagesJersey. The crisis of drug addiction in teens and young adults has incr eased from 2012. According to a 2014 drug report, there has been an increase of 200% over the past five years in substance abuse mainly due to prescription medications (New Jersey Task Force). Furthermore, prescription medications may lead to other substance abuse problems. For instance, many youths turn to opiates and heroin which are less expensive than prescription medications to satisfy their addiction. In addition, opium is obtainedRead MoreBrenda Myers Powell And The Exploitation Of Prostitution929 Words   |  4 Pagesprostitutes always the victim or do some control their work, and even enjoy sex? After experiencing human trafficking, drug addiction, and prostitution for 25 years of her teenage and adult life, Brenda Myers-Powell’s life story answered those questions. She survived the harsh lifestyle of prostitution and serves as a mentor to the youth to prevent them from encountering the trauma she did for many years of her life. Brenda-Myers Powell was a former prostitute in Chicago, who had the bravery toRead MoreAddiction Is The State Of Being Enslaved982 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary.com, â€Å"addiction is the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit forming to such as an extent that it is cessation cause serve trauma†. Some people addicted to this and other people addicted to that, but it end up they cannot control and explain why and how did they were getting to addiction. When we think about addiction, the first things that pops up were drug, alcohol, gamble and tobacco but nowadays addiction can be anythingRead MoreUsing the Triage Assessment Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesJamison Law Abstract This paper will discuss the case of Ariadne; it will summarize the diagnostic skills and techniques used to screen for addiction, aggression, and danger to self and others, as well as co-occurring mental disorders during a crisis, disaster, or other trauma-causing event. It will evaluate the key elements of the crisis, disaster, or trauma-causing event to include the nature of the crisis and associated risks, including client and counselor safety. This paper will differentiateRead MoreEthical Issues Of Drug Abuse1381 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals who choose to disengage from those programs. The author question â€Å"the mainstream high-threshold model of service delivery which permits the â€Å"cherry picking† of certain clients over others. A disease model of addiction says that the person has little control over their addiction, and yet we require one to do the most difficult work of becoming abstinent before they can be helped. The value base of the social work field which rests on client self-determination provides guidance in this areaRead MoreTreatment or Prevention1323 Words   |  6 Pagessuch a crucial time in their adolescent years is what’s not right and those individuals who are responsible for this should be held accountable for their actions. Another issue teen’s face is a life of addiction. This is a serious issue that many overlook but has taken so many lives silently. Addiction is defined as a condition that results when a person ingests a substance such as alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. Or engages in an activity such as gambling , sex, and shopping that can be pleasurable butRead MoreLegalization Of Ilicit Drugs1236 Words   |  5 Pages24% from 2012 to 2014 (Reed, 2016).It is keeping people from going to jail for a small amount of marijuana or a minor crime. The Canadian police in 2013 reported 109,000 drug offences;One third of them were for marijuana and almost half of them were just for possession (Durose, Cooper, Snyder, 2014).If Canada follows Colorado`s policy, it can allow the police to shift their focusonbigger issues. Countless studies have proven jail is theleast effective option when it comes to rehabilitating peopleRead MoreMexico Case Study964 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen expensive and destructive. It is important that the U.S. and Mà ©xico work together to continue strengthening their security cooperation. The U.S. and Mà ©xico must work on strengthening Mà ©xico’s judicial procedures, fight corruption, and reform the police forces. Because it is clear that this issue also affects t he U.S., it would be beneficial for the U.S. to work on improving its gun laws and increase emphasis on prevention and treatment for drug addicts. Improving Mà ©xico’s rule of law is an important

Macbeth by William Shakespeare - 770 Words

The play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a Scottish general, who receives a prophecy from three witches that he will one day become king. One of the most memorable scenes in the play could be act I scene III because of its causing effects. Act I scene III is the first appearance of the Weird Sisters which begins the entire events of the tragedy. In this scene, one will see the relationship of this scene to the main events and importance of this scene to the rest of the play following Macbeth’s meeting of the witches. One will a lso see how the simple speaking of the witches in the beginning of act one scene three most definitely foreshadows the fate coming for Macbeth. Act I scene III begins with three witches, the Weird Sisters, talking about what they have been doing, â€Å"killing swine† (The Tragedy of Macbeth 1.3.2) says one sister. Another sister describes the revenge she is planning for a sailor whose wife would not share her chestnuts, saying: â€Å"her husband’s to Aleppo gone, master o’ th’ Tiger; but in a sieve I’ll thither sail,Show MoreRelatedMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe oxford dictionary definition of guilt, 1, the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence or crime, 1.1, a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in obligation. In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, the titular character and his wife Lady Macbeth kill the King in order to become King and Queen themselves, this came with consequences which are still relevant in society today. The guilt they felt and the relevance to sleeplessness are common topics almost four hundredRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare2060 Words   |  9 Pagesthe green one red Ma cbeth Quote (Act II, Sc. II). Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth Quote (Act V, Scene V). These quotes have been taken from play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. Like these quotes there are hundreds and thousands of such heart touching quotes written by Shakespeare in his many different

Causes and Effects of Land Pollution Free Essays

Land pollution is one of the gravest kinds of pollutions. I say so because we do not realize when and how we pollute land due to different things we do and decisions we take. We realize the air is getting polluted when we step out of our houses and take a deep breath. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Land Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now We know when our actions cause water pollution, for we can see for ourselves the quality of the water worsening. Similarly noise, light, visual pollution can all be monitored, because we can all see or sense these kinds of pollution. However, land pollution is a hard one to get since we do not understand and we cannot comprehend which of our actions cause destruction of land. What is Land Pollution? When the anthropogenic effects of development adversely affect land (especially in turns of quality of land), it can be termed as land pollution. This brings us to an important question – what counts as an adverse effect? The answer is simple – anything that reduces the productivity and potential of a piece of land. Here, ‘productivity and potential’ refers to prospective uses of a piece of land for any of the different purposes for which land is used; including infrastructure, housing, services, agriculture, forestry, etc. If any of the effects of human development reduce the potential of a piece of land to be used for any good purpose, it amounts to land pollution. Causes of Land Pollution 1. Degenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including – deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc. Many of these are unavoidable; however, definitely the severity of these actions in terms of the effects they have on the land can be reduced by taking appropriate and adequate corrective measure. For example, the amount of litter produced can be hugely reduced if we all strictly say NO to plastic. The key here is to conduct a thorough EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment. 2. Misuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear land for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and land conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development and / or other actions converts a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dryland. Isn’t that a scary thought? Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is also a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but also the overall biodiversity of a place, specially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process. 3. Inefficient Use of Land – surprised? Does inefficient use of land count as a cause of land pollution? Yes. Why? Due to the consequences of inefficient use of land. Inefficient use of land as such is not going to cause land pollution. However, inefficient use of land amounts to wastage, and hence shortage of land; and it is precisely during such conditions that man has to resort to measure such as deforestation and others to meet his needs. It is an important, albeit an indirect cause of land pollution that is often largely neglected. 4. Soil Pollution is when the top-most ‘soil’ layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain – a process often referred to as biomagnification of a pollutant. 5. Land Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not have a good – or a good enough – solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution. Other key causes of land pollution include – urbanization, improper waste disposal, industrial activities, nuclear research, chemicals released by all sorts of heavy industries, coal-fired power plants, metals production industries, etc. Effects of Land Pollution 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple example – on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to affect a lot more things than we though it will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage organic farming – buy organic food. Proper garbage disposal – separate your garbage before you give it to the garbage collector; and strictly say NO to plastic. Encourage recycling – buy recycled products, notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides – they are not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as well. If we reduce our contribution to garbage and litter, therein itself we will be able to significantly reduce land pollution and probably curb it entirely in the near future. Also do realize this isn’t only about land pollution; it is about all kinds of pollution. We need to take steps to prevent damaging our Earth. We have no other place to go. How to cite Causes and Effects of Land Pollution, Essay examples

Legal Risk Management for Fagg Mitre - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLegal Risk Managementfor Fagg Mitre. Answer: The construction industry is one of the key complex industries in the world and identified industry, which involves a lot of risks. There is no single project in the construction industry which is considered to be risk free and Fagg Mitre 10 project is not an exception. Therefore, the risk management is and was a key factor which has to be involved in the construction of this project. In addition, the different risks in this industry are able to involve different personnel who are responsible in mitigating them and ensuring that the work progress moves as it was planned (Osipova Apleberger, 2007). The demand of the risk management from the different stakeholders has been able to increase over the past decade due to the increase of the risks involved. Moreover, the different risks are able to originate from the initial stages such as the pre-construction phase to the construction phase. The uncertainty of projects is one of the key area which is able to increase the risks in the cons truction industry during the different phases. According to Smith, Merna and Jobling (2006), the level of the risks in the construction industry is able to reach the highest level during the construction phase. There are several risks which are able to occur during the construction and pre-construction phases of the construction industry. This paper will analyze the different risks which are able to analyze some of these key risks and the people who are responsible to eliminating them. In addition, the paper will analyze the different identify the dispute resolution process which can be used to solve these risks between the key stakeholders who are Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, Lyon construction and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. During the pre-construction phase, there are several construction risks which are able to emerge. One of the key risk, which may emerge in this phase, is the lack of communication leading to withholding of information between the different stakeholders (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Proper communication between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, who us the client, P. J. O'Reilly Associate, who is the architect and Lyon construction who is the contractor is needed. This risk may lead to lack of cooperation during the pre-construction processes and therefore hinder the progress of the projects. Moreover, the key information may mean that other stakeholders will be unable to handle their responsibilities to ensure continued progress of the projects (Edwards, 2009). The communication at this stage is a key factor to ensure that different issues of the construction project are resolved (Bunni, 2011). In order to control the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has to play a key role of ensuring different parties are able to enhance the communication and passing the key information. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has the main powers at this stage to choose the different stakeholders who will be able to coordinate and ensure that these issues do not arise due to miscommunication. In addition, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to ensure that none of the parties is able to withhold which is key for the construction industry (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM), 2005). In terms of solving the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to have meeting with the concerned parties and therefore instruct them to release the information to other parties. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd can call all the parties and offer the instructions on resolving the issue. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd will ensure that he or she is able to instruct the parties on the mode of communication and what to pass to other stakeholders. Another key risk, which can be experienced at this stage, is the design changes by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd or P. J. O'Reilly Associate. The changes in the design may cause some key difficulties for other parties and lead to step back of the planning of the construction phase (Bunni, 2011). The changes risk is able to affect the progress of other parties in the construction industry and this is able to enhance the lack of continued working. The change risk is real when Fagg Bros Pty Ltd needs to have different design aspects and this is able to cause the risk of withholding the construction and design. Moreover, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associate, can solve this risk. In cooperation of the design parameters which Fagg Bros Pty Ltd need will be able to resolve the risk and enhance the construction (Engineers, 2006). Quick in cooperation of these changes will be the key way to ensure that the different aspects are able to change and enhance the continued construction process . The key process, which may take place in order to risk this risk, may start with Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd may instruct P. J. O'Reilly Associate to in cooperate the design changes in his designs (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Then P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to forward the changes to the engineers for him to in cooperate the same changes in his designs. The engineer and P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to resolve the design parameters and then update the other stakeholders concerning the issue. Another key risk in the pre-construction phase is the existence of the variations by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty can be able to make different changes concerning the different aspects of the construction. From the size of the construction to the design aspects, the client has the power to be able to change them (Construction Industry Publications, Ltd, Construction Confederation, 1999). The changes are able to affect the plans which the other stakeholders have concerning the progress of the construction. The variation of the size for instance, may be able to change the material requirement and the tendering process requirements. This means that the choice of the relevant contractor, which is able to lie on this phase, will be affected. In addition, the client may be able to change other factors such as the financial aspects, the commencing dates among other things. These will be able to affect the execution of the pre-construction process of the construction (Ludhra, 2015). Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and the procurement departments can be able to resolve the risks concerning these changes. The major process, which can be followed, is where Fagg Bros Pty can forward the change to the respective concerned department and ensure that the change is updated. For instance, the change of the date may be forwarded to the procurement to enhance the changes in the selection of the qualified contractor. This will ensure that the other stakeholders will be able to get the required update after the respective departments are able to resolve the issues. In addition, the construction phase is couple with different construction risks. One of the key risk, which is found on this phase, is the changes in the economic factors. This is able to change the cost factors of the construction project meaning that the increase of the funding is needed (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). Due to these changes the Fagg's Mitre 10 redevelopment is estimated to run for a cost if between $5 million and $10 million. As the construction continues, the change in economic factor may lead to increased cost of the project. The changes in the economic factors will be able to change the cost of the different factors such as materials. The economic parameters are key essential factors, which are able to enhance the continued construction phase of the projects. The major responsible personnel to resolve this risk is the Lyon construction who is charged with the execution of the construction works (National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). Lyon construction is require d to have included the existence of such risks in his initial quotation of the price of the project. In order to resolve this risk, Lyon construction will be able to contact the main departments with his operation s and ensure that they are able to finance the additional cost on the project (Manseau Shields, 2005). Moreover, if the cost was not provided in the initial bid, Lyon construction will be able to contact Fagg Bros Pty Ltd concerning the increase. In the process, Lyon construction will be able to ask for the additional financing from the client in order to cover such increases. Another key risk, which can be found on the construction phase, is the delay in the design approval for the different construction drawings (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). The design and approval; of construction documents is a key process which the construction phase is able to depend on to enhance the success of the projects. This means that Lyon construction will be unable to continue with the construction phase without these key documents, which they are needed to enhance this phase of project. The delay in the design is a key element, which will be able to affect the construction phase. The approval of the key document is need to be timely to ensure that Lyon construction is able to commence the construction phase (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). In addition, some of the documents can be signed and approved while the construction phase is in process. Failure to have these approval will mean that the contractors works will be hindered. The architect P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers a re the major responsible stakeholders who have to make sure that the delivered construction documents are approved for the construction. The major channel which P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineers are able to use will include that P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers will conduct the approving authorities (Wu, 2011). After that, they will present the documents to Lyon construction and ensure that the contractors have the key approved documents, which need to be used in the construction phase. Another key risk, which is found on this phase of construction, is errors, omissions and discrepancies in the design. The design process is the key process, which is able to enhance the successful completion of the construction phase. The errors in the design means that the construction will lead to the wrong completion of the project will may lead to changes in future. This will be able to lead to additional cost after the construction due to the changes which will be required. Any discrepancies in the design are able to affect the continuous construction phase of the industry (ztas And kmen, 2005). In addition, any key omission on the design is able to mean that the construction process will be stalled. This means that the project cannot be completed with the proper design and Lyon construction work will be hindered highly (Lingard Rowlinson, 2005). The best personnel to resolve the risks, which happen in the design, are the engineers and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. These key perso nnel will be able to hold meetings together and resolve any design risks which might happened. In addition, they will be able to involve Fagg Bros Pty Ltd to ensure that he or she is aware of the construction status. After that, P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineer will be able to call Lyon construction and update him about the changes which has been done to resolve these risks. In conclusion, the risks in the pre-construction and construction phases of a project are able to stall the successful completion of construction projects. These key risks have different people who are responsible for their resolving. The client, architects, engineer and the contractors are some of the key personnel who are responsible for resolving these risks. The key elements and risks resolving is able to enhance the continuation of the construction and completion of the construction projects. References BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM). (2005). Variability in construction insurance and alternative insurance solutions. [Ottawa, Ont.], Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/250380. Construction industry publications, ltd, construction confederation. . (1999). Risk assessment in construction guide. Sheldon, Birmingham, Construction Industry Publications. EDWARDS, L. (2009). Practical risk management in the construction industry. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. ENGINEERS, I. O. C. (2006). Reducing Occupational Health Risks In Construction: Manage The Risks Not The Symptoms. London, Institution of Civil Engineers. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3307780. Hughes, p., ferrett, E. (2016). Introduction to health and safety in construction: for the NEBOSH national certificate in construction health and safety. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4015309. Lingard, h., rowlinson, S. M. (2005). Occupational health and safety in construction project management. London, Spon Press. LUDHRA, S. (2015). Common sense guide to health and safety in construction. https://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315858784. MANSEAU, A., SHIELDS, R. (2005). Building tomorrow: innovation in construction and engineering. Aldershot, Hants, England, Ashgate. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (U.S.). (2009). Construction research at NIOSH: reviews of research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378465. OSIPOVA, E. APLEBERGER, L. (2007), Risk management in different forms of contract and collaboration - case of Sweden. CIB World Building Congress 2007. 14-18 May 2007, Cape Town ZTAS, A. AND KMEN, O. (2005), Judgmental risk analysis process development in construction projects. Building and Environment, 40 (9), 1244-1254. SMITH, N. J., MERNA, T., JOBLING, P. (2014). Managing risk in construction projects. Smith, N.J., Merna, T. and Jobling, P. (2006): Managing risk in construction projects. Blackwell, Oxford. WU, D. D. (2011). Modeling risk management in sustainable construction. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=646508. ZOU, P., SUNINDIJO, R. Y. (2015). Strategic safety management in construction and engineering. https://site.ebrary.com/id/11041428.

Beazleys Corporate Governance

Introduction: Beazley’s Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a broad concept that covers a set of processes, laws and policies that determine the operations of a corporation or company in terms of administration and control (Bebchuk and Roe 1999). It essentially encompasses accountability of individuals in the corporation and mechanisms that advocate against the principle agent problem (Dignam and Lowry 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Beazley is an insurance company that provides its clients with excellent underwriting and claims services all over the world. The company was started in 1986 by Andrew Beazley and Nicholas Furlonge and since then the company has grown steadily in terms of the risks they cover, the number of clients they serve and their geographic reach (Beazley Annual report 2010). Beazley Company has had a continued growth record in the insurance business which has given it a diversified market value. The company has further operated with a continuous record of profitability since its formation. Since 1986 the company has expanded in its operations and by 2010, the company included the following as its business lines: Life, accident and health – life, personal accident and sports Marine – energy, hull, cargo and war Political risks and contingency Property – commercial and private Reinsurance – insurance of insurance companies covering risks such as hurricanes and other natural catastrophes; and Specialty lines – insurance for professional and management liabilities ( Beazley Annual Report 2010). In this paper we are going to evaluate the case of Beazley Company’s corporate governance with regard to its compliance and disclosure of principles of governance and stakeholders as required by the UK corporate governance act of 2010. Compliance a nd Disclosure of Principles of Governance Leadership Any company’s corporate leadership is composed of the top executives who oversee the company’s operations and plot its strategies for the future where these leaders include the chief executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Information Officer (CIO) and board members (Pound 1993). Under the UK corporate governance code these involve clear cut role of the board which encases managing organization’s assets as well as determining and organizing company’s strategy, the role of the chairman who is responsible for efficient running of the board and the role of the chief executive who is responsible for efficient running of the company’s business.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic leadership under the corporate code requires a w ell authored and effective board of directors with outstanding competencies in the operation of the business (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). In leadership Beazley company has a well constituted system with nine independent non executive directors and eight executive directors (Beazley Annual report 2010). All non executive directors are taken by the company to be independent of management and free of any relationship and this helps because they don’t get interference in their autonomous judgments (Hayek 1969). Moreover the Beazley Annual report (2010) lists the competency of the board members and from this it can be seen that members have a wide range of business experience and this is a proof of the kind of skills that has propelled such a big company to success for years (p. 6). However the corporate governance act 2010 outlines the diversity which should be considered in the board appointments and which is not seen in the Beazley company report in terms of implementation. Ac cording to the report there is no woman in the board executive and this shows gender disparity in the administration of Beazley Company (Curtis 2007). Another role which is not well spelled as required by the corporate governance of the UK is the role of the chairman and the information whether he holds any private meetings with non executive members of the board as required by the corporate governance (Blair 1995). Holding meeting with non executive board members enables the chair to develop a kind of universality where by he works with each party and can effectively know the strengths and weaknesses of both executive and non executive members (Allen 1995). Failure to check on these components can undermines the well being of the company and can easily lead to its questionable corporate governance (O’Sullivan 2000). Accountability Accountability is the obligation of a company to present an account of its operations to another party which involves two parties; the agent and t he principle. The agent must give an account of the company while the principle is the party to whom the account is given (Sternberg 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interestingly, the relationship between the principle and the agent is that one is in favour of more accountability, while the other is in favour of less accountability and this leads to a kind of power battle between the two (Warren 2000). The report of Beazley demonstrates accountability in their operations in terms of leadership, investor relations, board member composition and competencies, remunerations as well as rewards for both shareholders and staff. The most comprehensive part of accountability is narrated in the report’s financial statements (Beazley Annual report 2010, p.79). The report also gives a clear analysis of the group income statements, the stat ement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, statement of financial positions and statement of cash flows all which is in line with the requirements of the UK corporate governance (Hayek 1969). The elements of accountability include not only the financial but also some sensitive information which if not disclosed to all stakeholders it can undermine the integrity of the company (Gamble and Kelly 2001). It is therefore required that every corporate company understand the importance of disclosing even sensitive information like financial and property ownership without regard to the corporate face before competitors so as to maintain investor confidence which can mean that investors are rational and would tend to invest where they can feel and see transparency (Warren 2000). Effectiveness Corporate effectiveness is achieved when a company supervise its duties well and adopts correct skills, knowledge and experienced resources. For a company to be effective the board s hould be of sufficient size that caters for the requirement of the business and this means that the board should not be too large (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). For any company to claim effectiveness the UK corporate governance requires that the combinations of the executive and non-executive writers should be balanced (Gamble and Kelly 2001).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For effectiveness there is also a provision that the board committees must have appropriate balance of skills, experience and knowledge which should be refreshed through rigorous training so as to carry their duties effectively (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). In effectiveness Beazley company has a very effective management as demonstrated by the 2010 report where qualified staff with traceable experience and knowledge in business in their line of operation (Beazley Annual Report 2010). The company has eight executive directors and nine non executive directors which demonstrate a balance as required by the UK corporate code (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). This is a sufficient size that is composed of people with skills that all fulfill the requirements of the company business. However the report has not stated how the committee members should be refreshed nor has it set out procedures for the appointment of directors which should allude to the effectiveness of the b oard (Curtis 2007). The corporate governance has that appointments should be made on merit and this should be seen stated in the report including strategies for orderly succession for both board and senior management for continued skills and experience (Turnbull 1998). Remuneration The monetary rewards and some complementary benefits that an employer issues to the employee in exchange for their services rendered in the operations of the business is what is termed as remuneration and they also encompass other mechanisms that are coming up as means of complementary benefits (Greenbury Committee1995). Corporate balance is also driven by the ability of the company to strike a level of remuneration that attract, retain and motivate qualified talents as directors and at the same time enable the company to operate smoothly. A remuneration package for executive directors should be checked so that rewards are relative to individual performance and this should be done by a remuneration commit tee (Greenbury Committee 1995). According to the report of the company there are many benefits that stakeholders accrue from this company and most of the strategies that are identified for the employees especially the remuneration packages and the bonus packages (Friedman and Miles 2002). The company has also constituted remuneration committee which has enlisted clearly the remuneration elements with the remuneration package payable to each executive director. Beazley Annual Report (2010) establishes the package to each executive director comprises basic salary, short term incentive payments, pension contribution, long term and share based incentives and others. The remuneration committee considers the individual remuneration package of the deputy chairman, chief executive among other senior members of staff. There is also a remuneration policy which is put in place where a general reward strategy for executive directors is trickled down to all other company’s employees and t herefore fair remuneration to management and staff is assured. The report also outlines the key elements of the company’s remuneration policies, the risk and reward as well as a detailed report of salaries and fees for the 2010 and 2011 for all staff starting with the executive director’s fee to executive salary. However, under the level and components of remuneration the report does not clearly narrate whether non executive’s remuneration should reflect time commitment or not. This is vital information in order to ensure that the company do not encourage poor performance among the directors. Further the report do not include measures put forward in case a director terminate his duties before is term, a gap which could lead to rewarding non performers. Generally the performance incentive for executive officers come from firm’s shares they own and this goes to an extend where in corporate governance when the shares of executive directors are above 20 perce nt, they tend to be reluctant on the issues and welfare of shareholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Although this information, regarding shareholding by executives, is crucial for the investor to know the level of share owned by the executives, it is never clearly stated in the report. Relations with Shareholders A shareholder, also known as a stockholder, is an individual or institution with legal ownership of one or more shares of stock in a private or public company and generally shareholders own the stock but not the corporation (Adolf 1962). The corporate code of the UK provides that companies establish a dialogue framework with shareholders so as to strengthen mutual understanding of the company’s objectives and responsibilities of the board. This policy should also keep abreast of the shareholder opinions in a way that is practical and efficient for the good of both the company and stakeholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Under the shareholder relation the chairman should ensu re that shareholder opinions are communicated to the board and make sure that governance and strategy are discussed with major shareholders. Moreover, non executive directors should be allowed to attend meetings with major shareholders and especially the senior independent non executive director should attend as many meetings as possible so as to have sufficient understanding of shareholder issues and concerns (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). It is crucial for the company board of directors to ensure that all board members are well versed with the views of major share holders (Adolf 1962). Beazley report covers investor relations through frequent communication to address shareholder’s needs by supplying a flow of information about the company especially its strategy and performance. For efficiency the committee seeks advice from Hewitt new bridge street and Deloitte LLP and specialist advice from a variety of additional sources especially from Bluefin advisory service s limited for benefits and pensions advice. Moreover the group performance reward incentive initiatives are enumerated starting with a long term incentive plan performance related pay, enterprise bonus pool, among other share schemes that are aimed at retaining staff (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.7). All these packages give employees and other stakeholders a sense of commitment and can also attract more investors, instill sustainable investor confidence and therefore good company performance (Turnbull 1998). However, Beazley company report of 2010 does not exhaustively cover how they foster dialogue with major shareholders. While this may seem to be insignificant the opinion of the shareholders is very vital especially for board members when discussing governance strategies (Allen 1995). Risk management disclosure In the report also the company has disclosed the risks they underwrite and states: The risks we underwrite are diverse, including the crews of ships and aircraft, televis ion crews on assignment to high risk locations, credit card holders and key man cover for corporate executives. The depth of our experience as a direct insurer in this class is often invaluable to us as a reinsurer, giving us a better understanding of the risks we are shown. (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.20) The report discloses that the company management operates in a solvency II environment where a challenge is provided to the business and reporting to the board on the risk landscape. This has been clearly disclosed by the report with a clear framework with risk appetite, risk governance and reporting categories (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p. 47). This information is vital to the stakeholders, investors and clients in instilling company’s confidence for its success (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). Stakeholder A stakeholder is defined as any human agency that is able to influence or get influenced the activities of the organization and for the case of Beazley Comp any the stakeholders whose welfare is very much emphasized are employees (Gamble and Kelly 2001). Significant stakeholders The most important stakeholders for this Beazley insurance company are clients, employees, competitors, financial community, customer advocates and shareholders and being an insurance company a lot of customer relation will be paramount because it will basically deal with claims and legal matters (Friedman and Miles 2002; Freeman 1984). Beazley and stakeholders According to the company report the company can be said to have considerations for its stakeholders such as employees and shareholders and this enable it to have a wider purpose to deliver quality services to its clients. One strategy that the company has taken to deal with competitors is to ensure that the UK corporate governance requirements are implemented largely and this is not only better for competitor management but also for all other stakeholders. Information disclosure Beazley has given enough i nformation concerning its operations which could enable the company to foster good relation and hence performance (Bebchuck 2004). Companies that are transparent to stakeholders can easily articulate their demands as explained by the legitimacy theory and this can be true with Beazley Company because it has given substantial information regarding its accounts that spells out the importance of stakeholder in the company (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). For any company to demonstrate transparency and good corporate governance it must be clear in dealing with some important areas such as leadership, well supervised performance, sustainable access to capital market, risk reduction among others which all play an important role in the continuity of the corporate performance (Warren 2000). This will be good for both the stakeholders; shareholders in the company who plays a key role in fostering investor confidence (Freeman 1984). However more has to be done on stakeholder engagemen t like taking customer views by establishing a customer care services and making strategies that are in line with changing treads in the market (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). The company can also establish some workable relation with all stakeholders for the sake of furthering its interest and this can be by giving substantial financial and social information which will enable the company to garner wide support to beat their opponents. Conclusion According to this report Beazley Company can be said to have a higher stake in operating in line with the UK corporate rules. Today much debate on corporate governance has centered on practical issues and that is true with the UK corporate governance which is tailored to check on corporate fraud, abuse of managerial power as well as social irresponsibility. This paper found out that the Beazley Company has substantially tried to apply the corporate governance provisions with regard to putting measures that can ensure accountabilit y, effectiveness, sustainable leadership, and encouraging remunerations. However Beazley has to work out some loopholes like gender balance, chairman roles disclosure among others evident in their report in order to rank high in its corporate governance. This is the dream and the objective of the UK corporate governance which seeks to regulate the investor interest and the corporation interests as well. Reference List Adolf, B., 1962. Modern Function of the Corporate System. Columbia Law Review, 62(1), p. 399. Allen, W.T., 1995. The Evolution of Corporate Boards. Corporate Board, 4(1) pp. 141 – 61. Beazley Annual report, 2010. Beazley plc Annual report and accounts (Online) Web. Bebchuck, L.A., 2004. The Case for Increasing Shareholder Power. Harvard Law Review, 73(1), pp.409–493. Blair, M., 1995. Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Bebchuk, L. and Roe, M., 1999. A Theory of Path De pendence in Corporate Ownership and Governance. Stanford Law Review, vol.52, no.1, pp.143-7. Dignam, A. and Lowry, J., 2006. Company Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Curtis, C., 2007. The Reform of Corporate Governance: Major Trends in the U.S. Corporate Boardroom, 1977-1997. London and New York: Routledge. Freeman, R.E., 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman. Friedman, l. and Miles, S., 2002. Developing Stakeholder Theory. Journal of Management Studies, 39(1), pp.1–21. Gamble, A. and Kelly, G., 2001. Shareholder Value and the Stakeholder Debate in the UK. Corporate Governance, 9(2), pp.110–117. Greenbury Committee, 1995. Directors’ Remuneration: Report of A Study Group. London: Gee. Hayek, F., 1969. The Corporation in a democratic society: In whose interest ought it and will it be run? In: H. I. Ansoff, ed. Business Strategy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp.124–146. Johnson, D. and Ellstrand, A., 1996. Boards of Directors: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 22(3), pp.409–439. La Porta, et al., 1999. Corporate Ownership around the World. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), pp.471-517. O’Sullivan, M.A., 2000. Contests for Corporate Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. O’sullivan, R. and Mcnaughton, R., 2010. New UK Corporate Governance Code. London: Paul Hastings. Pound, J., 1993. The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate Control. New York University Law Review, 68(5), pp.1003–1071. Sternberg, E., 1998. Corporate Governance: Accountability in the Marketplace. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs. Turnbull, S., 1998. Should Ownership Last Forever? Journal of Socio-Economics, 27(2), pp.341–364. Warren, R.C., 2000. Corporate Governance and Accountability. Bromborough: Liverpool Academic Press. This report on Beazley’s Corporate Governance was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Out of this Furnance essays

Out of this Furnance essays History is based on facts; novels are grounded in the authors imagination. Novels make interesting reading but are not particularly useful in studying history. After reading this quote, I thought deeply about was this person was trying to say. There are not many novels out there that can give you a full sense history, but in this book it does. I have recently read Out of this Furnace by Thomas Bell and I believe it to be a real and true statement of what life was like in the mid 1880s. This novel is about immigrants beginning a quest to start the American dream in the United States. Its a new beginning. They wanted to make money, to start a family, and become somebody in this wealth of riches. During the 1880s, there was a large number of immigrants came to the United States to make money. Most of these people must have been unhappy with their native homeland and decided to come over here. The problem with all of these people coming over was the fact that the owners of major companies could take advantage of all these people. With this power they were able to set wages that were extremely low. The immigrants had no other choice but to take these jobs and deal with the low pay. There was a good quote that shows this portrayal. His wages were ten cents an hour, and when bad times came and the company cut wages, nine. It was an excellent month when he made as much as twenty-five dollars (Bell, 21). This still was a problem because many of these people couldnt afford to live at all. Some of them have families couldnt even eat. America doesnt make it so easy for people to become wealthy and have tons of riches. In order for these immigrants to grow in riches, they must start from the bottom and try to move up. Sadly, they begin a long process of trying to show America what they are and what they can do. During these times, man ...

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Research Paper

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Specifically in 1935 - Research Paper Example Although there are still several catalogs of earthquakes that exist, the early events were in particular due to some errors, location biasness and incompleteness. Using original sources, it has been confirmed that more than a thousand earthquakes were macro-seismic locations and have assigned the MS magnitudes to the earthquakes since 1892. There have been 34 important earthquakes recorded in this reason of which one of the most significant one took place on 31st May 1935 (Erduran‎ et al., 2012). This earthquake took place at 3am in the middle of the night. It was known as the deadliest earthquake in South Asia. This was the most seismic region of Pakistan at the top of the Chamman and Chiltan fault lines. The earthquake lasted for three minutes but had several immense aftershocks. The tremors of the earthquake were felt a long distance away and the destruction was caused in all the towns near Quetta, the main city, including the city itself. The earthquake had killed 30,000 to 60,000 people in the region. The aftershocks, however, did not cause much damage in Quetta but in the surrounding regions. The scientists have found out the main causes of the earthquakes in Baluchistan from 1892 to 2001 and have analyzed the issues as a wide topic. Most of the research was based on the 1935 earthquake as it is marked as a few of the deadliest ones in the 20th century. The significance of this topic in the lives of the Pakistanis and Asians can be seen through various consequences and analyses made by the scientists. To develop the topic and introduce the issues, it is important to see what type of an earthquake it was actually. The earthquake was, as recorded in the new instruments, 7.7 MW while the previous instruments had recorded 8.1 MW which was a wrongly calculated amount. The epicenter of the earthquake was recorded to be 4.0 km from Ali Jaan, a town in Quetta. The focal depth of the earthquake was 17kms ?(Ambraseys & Bilham, 2003). ? According to the scientists these earthquakes took place in Baluchistan because of the fault lines in the region. It happened due to the two blocks of earth suddenly colliding past one another. The earthquake of 1935 is recorded to have no foreshocks which are the movements felt before the earthquake happened. Records show that there were no such claims. However, it is true that scientists cannot tell whether it is a foreshock before the main earthquake happens, but after the earthquake occurred in 1935, it was held that there were no foreshocks experienced. Even though there were no foreshocks, the earthquake had some unusual events recorded prior to the earthquake. It is true that scientists have not yet found a way in which the earthquakes can be predicted, yet they can analyze how and when they are most likely to occur in future. Quetta is said to be hit by the 1935 quake again in the near future however, the time can never be accurately told. The unusual events that scientists recorded before the earthquake were unusual bright lights, flashes of lights in the mountains, landslides, dust clouds and rock falls. Unusual event s seem to be unjustified even after many years of research as the scientists say that earthquakes have very less to do with the weather changes. They cannot be predicted by any machines or instruments. They shake the earth’s surface because of the collision of faults. The Quetta earthquake was also a sudden event where hundreds of people were buried under the rubble because it was 3am in the morning and most of them were not awake to assess the emergency. The significance and further details of the earthquake are discussed later. However, this earthquake holds immense significance as it

Review of literature in a nursing research proposal Paper

Review of literature in a nursing proposal - Research Paper Example The most important type of information for a review of a research proposal are usually findings from an empirical investigation. Generally, research findings usually sum up what is known about a particular topic, but the information from such reports is only of great value when these findings are integrated in a critical synthesis. When doing a literature review for your research proposal, one should rely mostly on the primary source of the research findings. This is usually descriptions of studies written by researchers who did the actual research. Secondary sources can also be used where primary sources are not available. They are usually not that credible as they are descriptions of studies done by someone else and not the original researcher. Secondary sources at times fail to provide the much needed details about the studies and they are seldom complete objective (Booth et al, 2003). When choosing a topic for a nursing research proposal, one should consider a topic of interest and also should be related to the field that one is working on. There exist numerous topics in the field of medicine and nursing that might be of interest to someone. For instance, some of the research topics that one may consider for a research may be teaching in the field of medical ethics or Nephrology. As such, one will be required to construct a research topic from these broad areas of study in the nursing field. For instance, you may convert these broad topics into research questions that will also enable you to conduct a research. In the field of Nephrology, you may come up with a research topic such as; Examining the role of a Nephrology nurse in homes and dialysis hospitals while in the field of medical ethics you may come up with such a topic; Relevance of medical ethics in today’s online world among others. Once you have the

HRM is more than just hiring, maintaining and firing staff it is a Essay

HRM is more than just hiring, maintaining and firing staff it is a profession in its own right - Essay Example As a field human resource management has been undergoing significant transformation over the years. It has been increasingly designing such management systems which ensure that the company’s human resources are being used effectively and efficiently in organizations for accomplishing the organizational goals. This fact holds true whether employees are belonging to a large organization having more than 10,000 positions or whether it is a small and non profit making organization having less than 10 employees. Right from the time of absorption of the employee in the organization till the time when he retires or resigns the entire growth path of the employee is carved out by the HR departments. This includes his career growth, compensation, satisfaction level in the organization, productivity, and measurement of his productivity and training and development in the organization. Thus it is difficult to define his job and responsibilities objectively. Thus ‘HR’ as a pro fession includes a whole set of activities and not just the responsibility of recruiting, maintaining and firing candidates. The present project seeks to put forth arguments towards the role of ‘HR’ as being a profession. The critical analysis would be presented using the various arguments for or against the subject (Jackson & Mathis, 2007, p.24). The role of HR as a profession was identified long back. Since the start of the 20th century, Frederick Taylor was of the opinion that HR managers knew exactly the activities that people were required to do and the cheapest and the best possible of doing them (Kramar, 2005, p.2). He proposed the use of analytical procedures for improving the performance of employees which eventually leads to improvement of the company’s performance. His proposition was to emphasize on the aspects of human resource management and its

Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature Essay

Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature Essay Aristotle defines tragedy as an replication of an action that is made to look serious, comprehensive and of a specific enormity. There as thus six elements which, according to Aristotle, make up the quality of a good tragic drama. These include the plot of the story which gives the flow of the events in the story. The plot must contain the cause and effect whose climax is reached as a result of the earlier incidents and whose end is arrived at from the presiding events. The second element is the character whose work is to support the plot of the drama. For the protagonist, s/he should be celebrated and prosperous and his fortune changes from good to bad. The next element is thought which seen when something has been proved wrong or right. Thought also include the themes that are illustrated in the drama. The fourth element is diction which entails the pronunciation and extraction of the meaning of the story in words. Melody or song is the fifth element and it is attributed to the cho rus and should be wholly incorporated in the play just like the actors. Last is the spectacle which depends on the attractiveness of the stage rather than the creativity of the poet. Aristotle goes ahead to give the characteristics of a tragic hero; he mentions that is of nobility and greatness, he is not always perfect, he should encounter a downfall which is out of fate, and he is to face a punishment that exceeds his crime. However his fall is not a total loss; he becomes aware in the mistakes he makes and though his tragedy arouses some emotions, it does not leave the audience depressed. The play Oedipus the King by Sophocles describes the story of a city, Thebes, which has been struck by a plague. Oedipus is the king of Thebes and his people gather in dismay and ask him to do something so as to save them. Oedipus has already sent Creon to the oracle to consult on how they can save the city. He however comes back with a message that the plague will only end when the killer of the former king of Thebes, Laius, is expelled from the city. He then calls for prophet Tiresias to come and tell him what he knows about the murder. Tiresias seems to know who the murderer is but he is unable to speak. Oedipus blames him for keeping the secret while the people suspect that it is Oedipus who liked the former king (Sophocles, 1947, p.16). In that argument, Tiresias mentions Oedipus parents and he is surprised at how he knew about them while he was brought up in Corinth. Tiresias tell him that he knew Oedipuss parents mysteriously and as he left the stage he points out that the mur derer of Laius will become the brother and father to his own children and the offspring of his own spouse. At the mention of this, Oedipus threatens to kill Creon for siding with Tiresias and the whole place becomes noisy (Sophocles, 1947, p.17). At this point, Jocasta, the window of Laius and also the current Oedipuss wife, comes in and asks what the noise is for. Oedipus explains that the prophet has accused him for the death of Laius but Jocasta assures him that the murder was committed by thieves on a three-way junction before he, Oedipus, came to Thebes. The description of the murder however sounds familiar to Oedipus and he highly suspects that he could be the murderer. He tells Jocasta that he overheard that he was not the true son of the royal family and when he looked for the truth he was told that he will kill his own father and sleep with his own mother thus to avoid this from happening he flee away from Corinth. In his journey, he encountered a group of people who attacked him and killed them all except one in self-defence and that all this happened at the same spot that Jocasta had mentioned (Sophocles, 1947, p.19). He asks for the man, a shepherd, who had survived the tragedy to come and testify hoping that he will not identify him as the murderer. Before he arrives, a messenger comes with the message that Oedipuss father, the king of Corinth is dead and that Oedipus should go and take over the kingdom Jocasta rejoices at this (Sophocles, 1947, p.46). He also mentions that he should not worry since the king was not his biological father and that there was one shepherd who new the whole story well. Oedipus calls for this shepherd to come and testify. Suspecting that the truth will be revealed, Jocasta goes back to the palace. The shepherd does not want to reveal the truth but Oedipus threatens to kill him if he does not tell him. He finally discloses that Oedipus was the son of Laius but was adopted by the king of Corinth after he was disowned by his parents following a prophecy that he would kill his own father and make his mother his wife. Realising his true identity, he yells and goes back to the palace. He finds Jocasta has hanged herself; he removes the pins from her cloths and blinds himself. He comes back bleeding and asking to be expelled from the town (Sophocles, 1947, p.63). He is expelled and goes to wonder in unknown places until steps on a holy ground when he remembers that at some point the gods promised him that he would rest on that ground. He calls for Theseus, the king of Athens who pities for what had befallen Oedipus and offers to help him. Oedipus requests Theseus to take and live with him in until he dies though he cautions that this would bring the rage of Thebes to Athens. Just before his death, a dreadful thunder is heard and Oedipus calls for Theseus. He tells him that his time of death had come and he must perform some rites over Oedipuss body so as to protect the city. He leads Theseus to the place of his death and tells him no to disclose to anyone except his son during his death who is also to do the same. The earth burst open and he just disappeared (Sophocles, 1947, p. 65). From the unfortunate flow of events, we can confidently affirm that Oedipus is the perfect example of Aristotles tragic hero. As a child, a prophecy was made that when he grew up he would put his father to death and marry his mother. His biological parents, Laius and Jocasta try to evade the prophecy by killing him but the gods protect him and he is adopted by a royal family where he is brought up as a prince (Sophocles, 1947, p. 24). As he grows he believes that he can avoid the oracle that he will kill his father and take his mother in marriage. He leaves Corinth thinking that he has outsmarted the will of the gods but instead they are manipulating his will and leading him to the very place that he would commit the murder. At first, Oedipus is a good person and as a king, he virtuously rules Thebes and saves the whole city by giving a solution to the Sphinx riddle. When Thebes experiences the second plague, he tells them that he feels their suffering and that his is even worse than theirs. He knows what is best for his people and they trust his to an extent they take him for God. All the people in Thebes acknowledge his for his good leadership This is the house,and he is the good sir within (Sophocles, 1947, p.46) Since a tragic hero is not perfect, he falls because of his character. He is bad tempered and stubborn; will do anything that he thinks of without considering the outcome. His temper makes him kill his father and his wish to do anything led him to knowing the truth about his ability. Jocasta keeps on telling him not to seek for more information since it may cause him great harm but he insists that he must know the truth. Thus he falls by killing his father and marrying his mother due to his imperfection, an act which he is responsible of. He is born to noble family and the society does not expect him to fall and when he falls, it seems more of a calamity that involves the whole community. The moment he suspects that Laius and Jocasta were his true parents, his suffering begins. He is not at peace and he struggles to know the truth. He seeks information from all reliable sources and when he finally realises the truth, his punishment begins; he pricks his eyes and becomes blind for the rest of his life living away from his rightful home. This punishment is more than he deserves (Sophocles, 1947, p. 63). As his downfall comes to pass and the play comes to an end, the story gains the purgation of the viewers. Throughout the play, Oedipus brings out the sense of fear and pity to the audience. They fear his true identity and do not want to find it out. The pity is brought out by his downfall towards the end of the story. Thus the story is a tragedy drama because it brings out the purgation of the viewers and Oedipus is the tragic hero he has arouse these feelings and fulfilled the other Aristotles requirements.

The Progressive Era?s influence on the New Deal Essay example -- essay

The accomplishments taken place upon the onset of the many New Deal legislations owe much to the seeds implanted and unknowingly disseminated by the pre-WWI Progressive movement. Sparked by the new image as a world power, industrialization, and immigration at the dawn of the new century, a new found reform movement gripped the nation. With the new found image of the nation and world as a whole, the reforms advanced the position of the previously ignored people of the nation, as did its reincarnation and rebirth apparent in the New Deal. Although the first signs of this pristine Progressive movement shone since the mid-1800s, no one had cleared the way for its momentous effect upon the nation in the same degree as Theodore Roosevelt. Although at times hot-tempered and brash, his charismatic attitude pushed forward many of the original progressive legislations. For example, his Sherman Anti-Trust Act proposed the life of a trust should be based on its history and actions, since he believed â€Å"good† trusts existed along with â€Å"bad† ones. Next, the Elkins Act proposed railroads and shippers to offer rebates illegal. They also had to have fixed rates, and couldn’t change without notice. Also, the Hepburn Act gave ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates. Next, of course because of the impetus for reform provided by the many socialist writers, such as Upton Sinclair, was the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act, protecting the health and safety of consumable products a nd establishing the Food and Drug Administration. He also wished to preserve the untainted countryside, and established the National Forest Service and also strengthened the Forest Bureau. He also passed the Newlands Act which helped to create subsidies for irrigation in 16 western states. The actions taken by Theodore Roosevelt proved to throw the Progressive movement into the mainstream of the nation, showing its true, ingenuous face. When Theodore Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, failed to continue Roosevelt’s ongoing charismatic progressivism, both were bested by the newcomer, Woodrow Wilson. Although not receiving a majority in the vote, he, nonetheless, knew the country still ached for the progressivism it jubilantly basked in for so many years, which he called his "New Freedom." Immediately, Wilson went to work on what ... ...r labor issues of all ages, all fronts were attacked with full pride and confidence. Abandoned or diverted projects in the Progressive movement included many other reform issues that were reinstated during the New Deal. During the New Deal, legislations passed greatly improved the stature of many people who suffered great injustice prior to the Depression and especially during. The Progressive movement, at one time led by Woodrow Wilson and his crusade â€Å"triple wall of privilege,† compares directly to Roosevelt and his â€Å"three R’s,† both crusading for justice against the ignorance and deception taking place against the ordinary man. These everlasting accomplishments to improve the nation were all completed by the determination and perseverance of the reform groups of the Progressive era, which lay the groundwork for the New Deal, and Franklin Roosevelt, providing a resurgence for what the Progressive movement couldn’t accomplish. Resources: 1. http://www.geocities.com/dave_enrich/ctd/3p.roosevelt.html 2. http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Progressive_Presidents.htm 3. American Pageant text

Islamic Political Thought Essay

The division of spiritual and temporal in Christianity has taken a long time to be enacted into the political theory of the occidental mind. There is a long history of church rule behind today’s secular political thinking. Which recognizes religion as of no significance in the eye of the state. They have taken the sovereignty from God and put it into the hands of the people. In doing so they have declared collective human conscience as their guide and have rejected all sorts of scriptures of divine nature. This is leading these societies to moral ruin. Approval of homosexuality as a legal practice by the legislatures of some western countries is an indication of the moral collapse that awaits them. Although Islam has no division of spirit and mundane but still does not support theocracy or any other form of autocratic rule. It has taken a middle course, which can best be explained by the word â€Å"autonomous†. Giving the absolute power and responsibility of guidance in the hands of God, Islam lets the, Muslims to exercise unlimited sovereignty within the limits of Quran and Sunnah. Introduction This topic seemingly look very simple and the one which can have a straightforward answer. But actually it required a great insight into the historical and the political perspective of Islamic world at large. This proposition can be tackled at a number of levels. One scheme of addressing this question could be to go to the theological injunctions, that is, to argue from Quran and Hadith. The second approach could be of digging into the history and bringing out the relevant examples. There is yet another way of going through this riddle and that is to examine the evolution of political ideology in the world of Islam and comparing it with the political evolution of the other nations or rest of the world. We may adopt any of the above methodology. But in order to get a better view of things and comprehensive answer to this question. We analyze it at all the three above-mentioned levels. This will certainly render us a better understanding of not only this question but also of many other aspects of related political problems confronting the modern Muslim societies. Before beginning with our discussion it is useful that we first determine what sovereignty is? Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary describes sovereignty as: the highest power or fully independent and self-governing. Similarly Webster’s dictionary gives the following meanings to this word: â€Å"supreme leader or the one who exercise authority in a limited sphere†. Quranic Interpretation As for as simplest mind, which goes through the Quranic text, it cannot ignore the fact that the God, that is Allah, is omnipotent, all powerful and all governing. This is the first and the last impression, which Quran leaves on any mind, no matter how naive it may be. Contrary to many doctrines, Quran declares Allah to be the sole authority on every thing that is present not only in this world but the whole of the universe. Many Quranic verses can be quoted in this context. Blessed is the Lord who holds control over all and is Omnipotent. † (Al-mulk) And again: â€Å"Exalted is the One who controls every thing and to Him you shall resurrect. † (Ya-seen) This makes very cleat that every thing lies with Allah. It flows from thence unto His creatures. Same is the case with authority and sovereignty. Allah has send man on this earth as his vicegerent. Allah has given man sovereignty to reign on this world. As Quran says, â€Å"(remember) When your Lord said to angels that indeed I shall appoint a vicegerent on Earth. † (Al-baqarah) Thus, man rules earth on the behalf of his Lord. Therefore he can exercise sovereignty with in certain limits, prescribed by Allah. Once established that sovereignty is a reign were man has been given access. We find out whether men have been given some right to make decisions for themselves or not. Is a ruler selected by Allah and imposed on men or they are encouraged to exercise their sovereign right by some collective means? Now this is an arguable question. Some section may say that a king or some sort of ruler, imposed on the society by one way or the other, has the right to exercise the sovereignty that Allah has bestowed upon men. And we also find such a precedent in the Quran, from the story of Talloot and Jalloot in sura al-baqarah we come to know that kings were imposed on men without their will and consultation, what so ever. One may cite this example from the Holy book to give weight to his argument. But one thing must be kept in minds of the people that it was the practice of Allah for the people of Israel, usually referred to as Banu-Isreal in the Quran. Who were in a stage of evolution that was to culminate at the advent of the last Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H)? For us i. e. the ummah of the last prophet, this rule has changed. And the new scheme under which the sovereignty has to be exercised is given in the following verse: â€Å"And they conduct their affairs with mutual consultation. † (Shura) Thus we see that Quran encourages its followers to adopt a scheme of exercising their sovereignty over themselves by a way, which hinges itself over some system of broader consultation. Of the two views, latter is the one, which seems to be accurate and closer to the rationale thinking. From the above discussion, we have reached a conclusion that Quran does recognize the sovereignty of Muslim citizen in an Islamic state and they have to device such a methodology or system, which makes it convenient for them to achieve broader consultation. Quran, similarly, rejects a single person’s claim to sovereignty and authority. Who so ever becomes a ruler of a muslim state must take the views of the society while making decisions? Now the Quran does not let loose Muslims after giving them right to sovereignty. There are a number of responsibilities that the Quran puts on their shoulders. And Quran, in its own brief but effective manner, puts them as: â€Å"Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Guidance from Sunnah Sunnah i. e. Prophet’s life and actions is the biggest source after the Holy (Quran). There fore, we refer our self to this source. As the Quran says, â€Å"Consult Allah and the Prophet in a matter of discord. † At another place it is mentioned: â€Å"Surely there is the best guidance for you in the life of the prophet. † We see that the early part of the Prophet hood of Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H) does not give us any clue of the relation of citizens and state. It is only the latter part of his Prophet hood i. e. Medina period, in which he established a city state that we find some form or structure of a government. Now we can have any debate on the question of citizen’s sovereignty in the eye of Islam basing our investigations on this period of Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s life. It has become convenient, for at the very beginning of Medina period there is a record of a political agreement between all the cross-sections of population of Medina. This political document in itself, otherwise, is a very important and valuable document. It gives an insight into the political situation of the Muslims in particular and Medina and it’s surrounding in general. Coming back to the question we are confronted with. We investigate this document to find if it sheds any light on this particular question. The first clause, which defines the parties to the treaty, adequately addresses the sovereignty of the citizens. 1. This is the treaty between the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H), Aus and Khazraj (the helpers) and Jews of Medina and its surroundings. . Above-mentioned parties would be one group for the defense of Medina. 3. Every body is independent to practice ones religion. 4. Disputes among Jews would be settled according to their laws. It was an unprecedented treaty in respect of its very liberal approach towards communities of other religions. The point, which is very important for our thesis, is that everybody in Medina was treated as an equal party in this treaty. This was going to be the future constitution of that state for the rest of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). Although the Jews broke this accord and had to pay its price. We do not talk about Jews as is mentioned above that they were left to their own laws. But the Divine laws governed Muslims. Which were revealed to the Prophet (P. B. U. H. ) from time to time. Thus we see that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) in that state was the sole source of legislation. All the laws came from him. Many people misunderstand this phenomenon and they equate this authority of making laws by the Prophet Muhammad (P. BU. H) (that were revealed) as a precedent for authoritarian government by a single man. No, this approach is essentially flawed and contrary to the practice of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). If we examine his political life and circumstances prevalent at that time more carefully and keenly. Then we get to a conclusion rather different from the misunderstanding that has been indicated above. As we know that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to a people who were totally ignorant, had never experienced any form of collective government and, therefore did not have laws and legislations. Further more, Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s, messaged was meant for all times to come. Thus Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to such a neighborhood where he could construct a model beginning from scratch and having no influence of any previous system whatsoever. Now it was Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) job to introduce to them a system of laws and governance based on the divine guidance, and through them he was to demonstrate it to all people for all times to come. Laws were of course revealed and Muslims had and have to obey them as such. But when it comes to governance, we have ample examples to quote; Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) mostly used the method of consultation. And this is what the message is that after the discontinuation of revelation, Muslims have to run their affairs in the light of revealed guidance by mutual consultation. To quote few examples from Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life, in order to support the notion that citizens of an Islamic state do have some rights to exercise sovereignty over themselves, we refer to the following instances from the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) life: 1. As mentioned previously, in the very beginning of political history of the state of Medina general public i. e. Muslims were made an equal part in the matters of the governance. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) did not make himself the sole representative of the whole Muslim community. 2. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) appointed twelve representatives (Naqeebs) among the Ansar to represent them. 3. Before the battle of Badr Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) consulted Muhajreen as well as Ansar. 4. In the battlefield of Badr, the camping place of the army was selected on the advice of Habbad-bin-Munzir. 5. At the time of Uhad , Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) own opinion was to fight within the city but the general opinion was to fight outside the city, and that was followed. 6. In the battle of Ahzaab, the strategy of digging a trench for the defense of Medina was again an idea presented by Salman. 7. The method of calling the faithful to the prayer was again a matter sort out by mutual consultation. Hence at end of this chapter we conclude that Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life adequately provides us the evidence that in an Islamic state the power to rule and govern lies with the citizens and not with a single person or family or some creed. Rather it is the right of the people to govern themselves as they please, but of course not violating the Quranic limits set upon them. Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Islamic History and Muslim Scholars We have come out of an academic discussion. Now we shall be analyzing historical events and political realities. As we enter into a new phase of discussion. It will be very useful that we revise and redefine the question we are confronted with. So when we ask this that â€Å"are people sovereign in Islam? † What do we actually mean to imply? What are the other questions, which confront us when we say, â€Å"yes people are sovereign†? Having proved that sole source of power and strength is the Allah Almighty; do we mean to say, that Allah and His angels are physically involved in the governance of a state? Of course not, is the obvious answer. It is the men themselves who shall be arranging for any type of government. After placing theoretically all powers in Allah, when sovereignty is given to citizens it means following things. 1. Any government that is formed will be only due to the consensus of the majority of people. 2. Whenever there is some decision to be made, again it will be referred to people. Whatever a government or the rulers do is accountable to public. 4. As the government or state has functional powers, thus checks and balances on it to safeguard people against any sort of tyranny or exploitation. Now we shall examine different types of governments in Islamic history on the basis of these above points. To begin with, we first analyze first four guided caliphs. Abu Bakr (R. A) was made caliphs and presented him in front of public. His first address is very suitable example. It encompasses almost all the above four points. He said: â€Å"O people! I have been made caliph against my will.

“The Latest from the Feminist “Front” by Rush Limbaugh Essay Essays

â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Essays â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Paper â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Paper â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh statement is that how male’s chase females. The title â€Å"Feminist Front is the first grounds that the author usage to qualify feminist make a frontage. The author claims his positions on the feminist motion is unsmooth. insensitive. cruel. and provocative. The author is unsmooth on feminist with is why there is common land. The extract has several logical false beliefs which is some type of counter statement that weakens an statement ( Writer’s np ) . There are tonss of articles that are published in newspapers. advertizements. and other beginnings that have these logical false beliefs. It is non easy to cognize if an statement is unsound. The statement might be really weak to really strong. The author makes the first logical false belief called ruddy herring. A ruddy herring is when during the statement. the debater changes the subject by raising a side issue that distr acts the audience. The ruddy herring false belief in the first paragraph reads. â€Å"Few of my â€Å"Thirty-five Undeniable Truths of Life† have stirred as much contention and indignation as Number Twenty-four: â€Å"Feminism was established so that unattractive adult females could hold easier entree to the mainstream of society. † Rush does non explicate this truth about unattractive adult females. This is because he is Rush. a wireless personality. which talks harshly and loud to rock people to believe his point of view. Now. he is usually incorrect in my point of view like this extract. Rush gets paid to construct contention. Let’s expression at his statement about â€Å"unattractive† adult females. The writer’s implied warrant statement about the unattractive feminism is his definition for an vocal adult female. His first sub-claim implies that some feminist leaders are anti-male. because they speak out when work forces unsuitably flirt or make inappropriate remarks. This is one side of the issue which is called stacked grounds ( Woods 222 ) . The audience is supposed to hold with Rush. merely because. he repeats â€Å"it’s the truth† which is imploring the inquiry ( Wood 221 ) . Then he writes â€Å"that any look of involvement by a adult male in a adult female is harassment† is headlong generalisation. He generalize the term by take downing the value of a woman’s feelings. Subsequently. these extremist â€Å"would do work forces fearful of nearing women† . he writes in paragraph 7 shows headlong generalisation. Rush is connoting the all work forces would be fearful to near a adult females because the actions of a few work forces. He writes â€Å"people are labeling every twenty-four hours. normal. male-female behavior as harassment† non existent co lza. First-come-first-serve uses slippery incline as an emotional false belief by doing adult females afraid to describe torment. Slippery incline is a scare maneuver. when one thing happens it will instantly do catastrophe. The 2nd sub-claim is â€Å"that adult females have more power than most of them realize† in paragraph 9 ( Wood 233 ) . The explicit warrant province â€Å"the power to state yes or no – lies with the women† he erratically gives adult females power. The author does non value a woman’s word throughout the paper. but now. Rush validates the power of a adult female. Then he reverts back to his norm stating work forces should non be arrested for doing a wolf whistling at a becoming adult female in paragraph 13. In decision the author feels feminist adult females misuse the term torment and colza. Because adult females do non digest inappropriate progresss from married work forces they are feminist. He grounds that a adult female word is powerful. In fact he feels adult females are excessively sensitive. This will do work forces to halt chat uping with adult females. Rush could hold used statistics for the figure of colza instances that were really harassment instances. In add-on. he should hold debated a female to acquire the woman’s point of view. I’ve listened to Rush on the wireless and like the extract he exaggerates the issue in a loud voice. He does non utilize statistic. or a professional to back up his claims. Plants Cited Miller. James. and Wood. Nancy. â€Å"Perspectives on Argument. † New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Pearson Education. Inc. . 2012. Print. â€Å"Linking Words. † English Language Smart Words 6 Aug. 2014: 10. Print. â€Å"The Writing Center. † The Writing Center. 1 Aug. 2014. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. .