Beazleys Corporate Governance

Introduction: Beazley’s Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a broad concept that covers a set of processes, laws and policies that determine the operations of a corporation or company in terms of administration and control (Bebchuk and Roe 1999). It essentially encompasses accountability of individuals in the corporation and mechanisms that advocate against the principle agent problem (Dignam and Lowry 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Beazley is an insurance company that provides its clients with excellent underwriting and claims services all over the world. The company was started in 1986 by Andrew Beazley and Nicholas Furlonge and since then the company has grown steadily in terms of the risks they cover, the number of clients they serve and their geographic reach (Beazley Annual report 2010). Beazley Company has had a continued growth record in the insurance business which has given it a diversified market value. The company has further operated with a continuous record of profitability since its formation. Since 1986 the company has expanded in its operations and by 2010, the company included the following as its business lines: Life, accident and health – life, personal accident and sports Marine – energy, hull, cargo and war Political risks and contingency Property – commercial and private Reinsurance – insurance of insurance companies covering risks such as hurricanes and other natural catastrophes; and Specialty lines – insurance for professional and management liabilities ( Beazley Annual Report 2010). In this paper we are going to evaluate the case of Beazley Company’s corporate governance with regard to its compliance and disclosure of principles of governance and stakeholders as required by the UK corporate governance act of 2010. Compliance a nd Disclosure of Principles of Governance Leadership Any company’s corporate leadership is composed of the top executives who oversee the company’s operations and plot its strategies for the future where these leaders include the chief executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Information Officer (CIO) and board members (Pound 1993). Under the UK corporate governance code these involve clear cut role of the board which encases managing organization’s assets as well as determining and organizing company’s strategy, the role of the chairman who is responsible for efficient running of the board and the role of the chief executive who is responsible for efficient running of the company’s business.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic leadership under the corporate code requires a w ell authored and effective board of directors with outstanding competencies in the operation of the business (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). In leadership Beazley company has a well constituted system with nine independent non executive directors and eight executive directors (Beazley Annual report 2010). All non executive directors are taken by the company to be independent of management and free of any relationship and this helps because they don’t get interference in their autonomous judgments (Hayek 1969). Moreover the Beazley Annual report (2010) lists the competency of the board members and from this it can be seen that members have a wide range of business experience and this is a proof of the kind of skills that has propelled such a big company to success for years (p. 6). However the corporate governance act 2010 outlines the diversity which should be considered in the board appointments and which is not seen in the Beazley company report in terms of implementation. Ac cording to the report there is no woman in the board executive and this shows gender disparity in the administration of Beazley Company (Curtis 2007). Another role which is not well spelled as required by the corporate governance of the UK is the role of the chairman and the information whether he holds any private meetings with non executive members of the board as required by the corporate governance (Blair 1995). Holding meeting with non executive board members enables the chair to develop a kind of universality where by he works with each party and can effectively know the strengths and weaknesses of both executive and non executive members (Allen 1995). Failure to check on these components can undermines the well being of the company and can easily lead to its questionable corporate governance (O’Sullivan 2000). Accountability Accountability is the obligation of a company to present an account of its operations to another party which involves two parties; the agent and t he principle. The agent must give an account of the company while the principle is the party to whom the account is given (Sternberg 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interestingly, the relationship between the principle and the agent is that one is in favour of more accountability, while the other is in favour of less accountability and this leads to a kind of power battle between the two (Warren 2000). The report of Beazley demonstrates accountability in their operations in terms of leadership, investor relations, board member composition and competencies, remunerations as well as rewards for both shareholders and staff. The most comprehensive part of accountability is narrated in the report’s financial statements (Beazley Annual report 2010, p.79). The report also gives a clear analysis of the group income statements, the stat ement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, statement of financial positions and statement of cash flows all which is in line with the requirements of the UK corporate governance (Hayek 1969). The elements of accountability include not only the financial but also some sensitive information which if not disclosed to all stakeholders it can undermine the integrity of the company (Gamble and Kelly 2001). It is therefore required that every corporate company understand the importance of disclosing even sensitive information like financial and property ownership without regard to the corporate face before competitors so as to maintain investor confidence which can mean that investors are rational and would tend to invest where they can feel and see transparency (Warren 2000). Effectiveness Corporate effectiveness is achieved when a company supervise its duties well and adopts correct skills, knowledge and experienced resources. For a company to be effective the board s hould be of sufficient size that caters for the requirement of the business and this means that the board should not be too large (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). For any company to claim effectiveness the UK corporate governance requires that the combinations of the executive and non-executive writers should be balanced (Gamble and Kelly 2001).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For effectiveness there is also a provision that the board committees must have appropriate balance of skills, experience and knowledge which should be refreshed through rigorous training so as to carry their duties effectively (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). In effectiveness Beazley company has a very effective management as demonstrated by the 2010 report where qualified staff with traceable experience and knowledge in business in their line of operation (Beazley Annual Report 2010). The company has eight executive directors and nine non executive directors which demonstrate a balance as required by the UK corporate code (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). This is a sufficient size that is composed of people with skills that all fulfill the requirements of the company business. However the report has not stated how the committee members should be refreshed nor has it set out procedures for the appointment of directors which should allude to the effectiveness of the b oard (Curtis 2007). The corporate governance has that appointments should be made on merit and this should be seen stated in the report including strategies for orderly succession for both board and senior management for continued skills and experience (Turnbull 1998). Remuneration The monetary rewards and some complementary benefits that an employer issues to the employee in exchange for their services rendered in the operations of the business is what is termed as remuneration and they also encompass other mechanisms that are coming up as means of complementary benefits (Greenbury Committee1995). Corporate balance is also driven by the ability of the company to strike a level of remuneration that attract, retain and motivate qualified talents as directors and at the same time enable the company to operate smoothly. A remuneration package for executive directors should be checked so that rewards are relative to individual performance and this should be done by a remuneration commit tee (Greenbury Committee 1995). According to the report of the company there are many benefits that stakeholders accrue from this company and most of the strategies that are identified for the employees especially the remuneration packages and the bonus packages (Friedman and Miles 2002). The company has also constituted remuneration committee which has enlisted clearly the remuneration elements with the remuneration package payable to each executive director. Beazley Annual Report (2010) establishes the package to each executive director comprises basic salary, short term incentive payments, pension contribution, long term and share based incentives and others. The remuneration committee considers the individual remuneration package of the deputy chairman, chief executive among other senior members of staff. There is also a remuneration policy which is put in place where a general reward strategy for executive directors is trickled down to all other company’s employees and t herefore fair remuneration to management and staff is assured. The report also outlines the key elements of the company’s remuneration policies, the risk and reward as well as a detailed report of salaries and fees for the 2010 and 2011 for all staff starting with the executive director’s fee to executive salary. However, under the level and components of remuneration the report does not clearly narrate whether non executive’s remuneration should reflect time commitment or not. This is vital information in order to ensure that the company do not encourage poor performance among the directors. Further the report do not include measures put forward in case a director terminate his duties before is term, a gap which could lead to rewarding non performers. Generally the performance incentive for executive officers come from firm’s shares they own and this goes to an extend where in corporate governance when the shares of executive directors are above 20 perce nt, they tend to be reluctant on the issues and welfare of shareholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Although this information, regarding shareholding by executives, is crucial for the investor to know the level of share owned by the executives, it is never clearly stated in the report. Relations with Shareholders A shareholder, also known as a stockholder, is an individual or institution with legal ownership of one or more shares of stock in a private or public company and generally shareholders own the stock but not the corporation (Adolf 1962). The corporate code of the UK provides that companies establish a dialogue framework with shareholders so as to strengthen mutual understanding of the company’s objectives and responsibilities of the board. This policy should also keep abreast of the shareholder opinions in a way that is practical and efficient for the good of both the company and stakeholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Under the shareholder relation the chairman should ensu re that shareholder opinions are communicated to the board and make sure that governance and strategy are discussed with major shareholders. Moreover, non executive directors should be allowed to attend meetings with major shareholders and especially the senior independent non executive director should attend as many meetings as possible so as to have sufficient understanding of shareholder issues and concerns (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). It is crucial for the company board of directors to ensure that all board members are well versed with the views of major share holders (Adolf 1962). Beazley report covers investor relations through frequent communication to address shareholder’s needs by supplying a flow of information about the company especially its strategy and performance. For efficiency the committee seeks advice from Hewitt new bridge street and Deloitte LLP and specialist advice from a variety of additional sources especially from Bluefin advisory service s limited for benefits and pensions advice. Moreover the group performance reward incentive initiatives are enumerated starting with a long term incentive plan performance related pay, enterprise bonus pool, among other share schemes that are aimed at retaining staff (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.7). All these packages give employees and other stakeholders a sense of commitment and can also attract more investors, instill sustainable investor confidence and therefore good company performance (Turnbull 1998). However, Beazley company report of 2010 does not exhaustively cover how they foster dialogue with major shareholders. While this may seem to be insignificant the opinion of the shareholders is very vital especially for board members when discussing governance strategies (Allen 1995). Risk management disclosure In the report also the company has disclosed the risks they underwrite and states: The risks we underwrite are diverse, including the crews of ships and aircraft, televis ion crews on assignment to high risk locations, credit card holders and key man cover for corporate executives. The depth of our experience as a direct insurer in this class is often invaluable to us as a reinsurer, giving us a better understanding of the risks we are shown. (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.20) The report discloses that the company management operates in a solvency II environment where a challenge is provided to the business and reporting to the board on the risk landscape. This has been clearly disclosed by the report with a clear framework with risk appetite, risk governance and reporting categories (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p. 47). This information is vital to the stakeholders, investors and clients in instilling company’s confidence for its success (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). Stakeholder A stakeholder is defined as any human agency that is able to influence or get influenced the activities of the organization and for the case of Beazley Comp any the stakeholders whose welfare is very much emphasized are employees (Gamble and Kelly 2001). Significant stakeholders The most important stakeholders for this Beazley insurance company are clients, employees, competitors, financial community, customer advocates and shareholders and being an insurance company a lot of customer relation will be paramount because it will basically deal with claims and legal matters (Friedman and Miles 2002; Freeman 1984). Beazley and stakeholders According to the company report the company can be said to have considerations for its stakeholders such as employees and shareholders and this enable it to have a wider purpose to deliver quality services to its clients. One strategy that the company has taken to deal with competitors is to ensure that the UK corporate governance requirements are implemented largely and this is not only better for competitor management but also for all other stakeholders. Information disclosure Beazley has given enough i nformation concerning its operations which could enable the company to foster good relation and hence performance (Bebchuck 2004). Companies that are transparent to stakeholders can easily articulate their demands as explained by the legitimacy theory and this can be true with Beazley Company because it has given substantial information regarding its accounts that spells out the importance of stakeholder in the company (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). For any company to demonstrate transparency and good corporate governance it must be clear in dealing with some important areas such as leadership, well supervised performance, sustainable access to capital market, risk reduction among others which all play an important role in the continuity of the corporate performance (Warren 2000). This will be good for both the stakeholders; shareholders in the company who plays a key role in fostering investor confidence (Freeman 1984). However more has to be done on stakeholder engagemen t like taking customer views by establishing a customer care services and making strategies that are in line with changing treads in the market (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). The company can also establish some workable relation with all stakeholders for the sake of furthering its interest and this can be by giving substantial financial and social information which will enable the company to garner wide support to beat their opponents. Conclusion According to this report Beazley Company can be said to have a higher stake in operating in line with the UK corporate rules. Today much debate on corporate governance has centered on practical issues and that is true with the UK corporate governance which is tailored to check on corporate fraud, abuse of managerial power as well as social irresponsibility. This paper found out that the Beazley Company has substantially tried to apply the corporate governance provisions with regard to putting measures that can ensure accountabilit y, effectiveness, sustainable leadership, and encouraging remunerations. However Beazley has to work out some loopholes like gender balance, chairman roles disclosure among others evident in their report in order to rank high in its corporate governance. This is the dream and the objective of the UK corporate governance which seeks to regulate the investor interest and the corporation interests as well. Reference List Adolf, B., 1962. Modern Function of the Corporate System. Columbia Law Review, 62(1), p. 399. Allen, W.T., 1995. The Evolution of Corporate Boards. Corporate Board, 4(1) pp. 141 – 61. Beazley Annual report, 2010. Beazley plc Annual report and accounts (Online) Web. Bebchuck, L.A., 2004. The Case for Increasing Shareholder Power. Harvard Law Review, 73(1), pp.409–493. Blair, M., 1995. Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Bebchuk, L. and Roe, M., 1999. A Theory of Path De pendence in Corporate Ownership and Governance. Stanford Law Review, vol.52, no.1, pp.143-7. Dignam, A. and Lowry, J., 2006. Company Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Curtis, C., 2007. The Reform of Corporate Governance: Major Trends in the U.S. Corporate Boardroom, 1977-1997. London and New York: Routledge. Freeman, R.E., 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman. Friedman, l. and Miles, S., 2002. Developing Stakeholder Theory. Journal of Management Studies, 39(1), pp.1–21. Gamble, A. and Kelly, G., 2001. Shareholder Value and the Stakeholder Debate in the UK. Corporate Governance, 9(2), pp.110–117. Greenbury Committee, 1995. Directors’ Remuneration: Report of A Study Group. London: Gee. Hayek, F., 1969. The Corporation in a democratic society: In whose interest ought it and will it be run? In: H. I. Ansoff, ed. Business Strategy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp.124–146. Johnson, D. and Ellstrand, A., 1996. Boards of Directors: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 22(3), pp.409–439. La Porta, et al., 1999. Corporate Ownership around the World. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), pp.471-517. O’Sullivan, M.A., 2000. Contests for Corporate Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. O’sullivan, R. and Mcnaughton, R., 2010. New UK Corporate Governance Code. London: Paul Hastings. Pound, J., 1993. The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate Control. New York University Law Review, 68(5), pp.1003–1071. Sternberg, E., 1998. Corporate Governance: Accountability in the Marketplace. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs. Turnbull, S., 1998. Should Ownership Last Forever? Journal of Socio-Economics, 27(2), pp.341–364. Warren, R.C., 2000. Corporate Governance and Accountability. Bromborough: Liverpool Academic Press. This report on Beazley’s Corporate Governance was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Out of this Furnance essays

Out of this Furnance essays History is based on facts; novels are grounded in the authors imagination. Novels make interesting reading but are not particularly useful in studying history. After reading this quote, I thought deeply about was this person was trying to say. There are not many novels out there that can give you a full sense history, but in this book it does. I have recently read Out of this Furnace by Thomas Bell and I believe it to be a real and true statement of what life was like in the mid 1880s. This novel is about immigrants beginning a quest to start the American dream in the United States. Its a new beginning. They wanted to make money, to start a family, and become somebody in this wealth of riches. During the 1880s, there was a large number of immigrants came to the United States to make money. Most of these people must have been unhappy with their native homeland and decided to come over here. The problem with all of these people coming over was the fact that the owners of major companies could take advantage of all these people. With this power they were able to set wages that were extremely low. The immigrants had no other choice but to take these jobs and deal with the low pay. There was a good quote that shows this portrayal. His wages were ten cents an hour, and when bad times came and the company cut wages, nine. It was an excellent month when he made as much as twenty-five dollars (Bell, 21). This still was a problem because many of these people couldnt afford to live at all. Some of them have families couldnt even eat. America doesnt make it so easy for people to become wealthy and have tons of riches. In order for these immigrants to grow in riches, they must start from the bottom and try to move up. Sadly, they begin a long process of trying to show America what they are and what they can do. During these times, man ...

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Research Paper

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Specifically in 1935 - Research Paper Example Although there are still several catalogs of earthquakes that exist, the early events were in particular due to some errors, location biasness and incompleteness. Using original sources, it has been confirmed that more than a thousand earthquakes were macro-seismic locations and have assigned the MS magnitudes to the earthquakes since 1892. There have been 34 important earthquakes recorded in this reason of which one of the most significant one took place on 31st May 1935 (Erduran‎ et al., 2012). This earthquake took place at 3am in the middle of the night. It was known as the deadliest earthquake in South Asia. This was the most seismic region of Pakistan at the top of the Chamman and Chiltan fault lines. The earthquake lasted for three minutes but had several immense aftershocks. The tremors of the earthquake were felt a long distance away and the destruction was caused in all the towns near Quetta, the main city, including the city itself. The earthquake had killed 30,000 to 60,000 people in the region. The aftershocks, however, did not cause much damage in Quetta but in the surrounding regions. The scientists have found out the main causes of the earthquakes in Baluchistan from 1892 to 2001 and have analyzed the issues as a wide topic. Most of the research was based on the 1935 earthquake as it is marked as a few of the deadliest ones in the 20th century. The significance of this topic in the lives of the Pakistanis and Asians can be seen through various consequences and analyses made by the scientists. To develop the topic and introduce the issues, it is important to see what type of an earthquake it was actually. The earthquake was, as recorded in the new instruments, 7.7 MW while the previous instruments had recorded 8.1 MW which was a wrongly calculated amount. The epicenter of the earthquake was recorded to be 4.0 km from Ali Jaan, a town in Quetta. The focal depth of the earthquake was 17kms ?(Ambraseys & Bilham, 2003). ? According to the scientists these earthquakes took place in Baluchistan because of the fault lines in the region. It happened due to the two blocks of earth suddenly colliding past one another. The earthquake of 1935 is recorded to have no foreshocks which are the movements felt before the earthquake happened. Records show that there were no such claims. However, it is true that scientists cannot tell whether it is a foreshock before the main earthquake happens, but after the earthquake occurred in 1935, it was held that there were no foreshocks experienced. Even though there were no foreshocks, the earthquake had some unusual events recorded prior to the earthquake. It is true that scientists have not yet found a way in which the earthquakes can be predicted, yet they can analyze how and when they are most likely to occur in future. Quetta is said to be hit by the 1935 quake again in the near future however, the time can never be accurately told. The unusual events that scientists recorded before the earthquake were unusual bright lights, flashes of lights in the mountains, landslides, dust clouds and rock falls. Unusual event s seem to be unjustified even after many years of research as the scientists say that earthquakes have very less to do with the weather changes. They cannot be predicted by any machines or instruments. They shake the earth’s surface because of the collision of faults. The Quetta earthquake was also a sudden event where hundreds of people were buried under the rubble because it was 3am in the morning and most of them were not awake to assess the emergency. The significance and further details of the earthquake are discussed later. However, this earthquake holds immense significance as it

Review of literature in a nursing research proposal Paper

Review of literature in a nursing proposal - Research Paper Example The most important type of information for a review of a research proposal are usually findings from an empirical investigation. Generally, research findings usually sum up what is known about a particular topic, but the information from such reports is only of great value when these findings are integrated in a critical synthesis. When doing a literature review for your research proposal, one should rely mostly on the primary source of the research findings. This is usually descriptions of studies written by researchers who did the actual research. Secondary sources can also be used where primary sources are not available. They are usually not that credible as they are descriptions of studies done by someone else and not the original researcher. Secondary sources at times fail to provide the much needed details about the studies and they are seldom complete objective (Booth et al, 2003). When choosing a topic for a nursing research proposal, one should consider a topic of interest and also should be related to the field that one is working on. There exist numerous topics in the field of medicine and nursing that might be of interest to someone. For instance, some of the research topics that one may consider for a research may be teaching in the field of medical ethics or Nephrology. As such, one will be required to construct a research topic from these broad areas of study in the nursing field. For instance, you may convert these broad topics into research questions that will also enable you to conduct a research. In the field of Nephrology, you may come up with a research topic such as; Examining the role of a Nephrology nurse in homes and dialysis hospitals while in the field of medical ethics you may come up with such a topic; Relevance of medical ethics in today’s online world among others. Once you have the

HRM is more than just hiring, maintaining and firing staff it is a Essay

HRM is more than just hiring, maintaining and firing staff it is a profession in its own right - Essay Example As a field human resource management has been undergoing significant transformation over the years. It has been increasingly designing such management systems which ensure that the company’s human resources are being used effectively and efficiently in organizations for accomplishing the organizational goals. This fact holds true whether employees are belonging to a large organization having more than 10,000 positions or whether it is a small and non profit making organization having less than 10 employees. Right from the time of absorption of the employee in the organization till the time when he retires or resigns the entire growth path of the employee is carved out by the HR departments. This includes his career growth, compensation, satisfaction level in the organization, productivity, and measurement of his productivity and training and development in the organization. Thus it is difficult to define his job and responsibilities objectively. Thus ‘HR’ as a pro fession includes a whole set of activities and not just the responsibility of recruiting, maintaining and firing candidates. The present project seeks to put forth arguments towards the role of ‘HR’ as being a profession. The critical analysis would be presented using the various arguments for or against the subject (Jackson & Mathis, 2007, p.24). The role of HR as a profession was identified long back. Since the start of the 20th century, Frederick Taylor was of the opinion that HR managers knew exactly the activities that people were required to do and the cheapest and the best possible of doing them (Kramar, 2005, p.2). He proposed the use of analytical procedures for improving the performance of employees which eventually leads to improvement of the company’s performance. His proposition was to emphasize on the aspects of human resource management and its

Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature Essay

Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature Essay Aristotle defines tragedy as an replication of an action that is made to look serious, comprehensive and of a specific enormity. There as thus six elements which, according to Aristotle, make up the quality of a good tragic drama. These include the plot of the story which gives the flow of the events in the story. The plot must contain the cause and effect whose climax is reached as a result of the earlier incidents and whose end is arrived at from the presiding events. The second element is the character whose work is to support the plot of the drama. For the protagonist, s/he should be celebrated and prosperous and his fortune changes from good to bad. The next element is thought which seen when something has been proved wrong or right. Thought also include the themes that are illustrated in the drama. The fourth element is diction which entails the pronunciation and extraction of the meaning of the story in words. Melody or song is the fifth element and it is attributed to the cho rus and should be wholly incorporated in the play just like the actors. Last is the spectacle which depends on the attractiveness of the stage rather than the creativity of the poet. Aristotle goes ahead to give the characteristics of a tragic hero; he mentions that is of nobility and greatness, he is not always perfect, he should encounter a downfall which is out of fate, and he is to face a punishment that exceeds his crime. However his fall is not a total loss; he becomes aware in the mistakes he makes and though his tragedy arouses some emotions, it does not leave the audience depressed. The play Oedipus the King by Sophocles describes the story of a city, Thebes, which has been struck by a plague. Oedipus is the king of Thebes and his people gather in dismay and ask him to do something so as to save them. Oedipus has already sent Creon to the oracle to consult on how they can save the city. He however comes back with a message that the plague will only end when the killer of the former king of Thebes, Laius, is expelled from the city. He then calls for prophet Tiresias to come and tell him what he knows about the murder. Tiresias seems to know who the murderer is but he is unable to speak. Oedipus blames him for keeping the secret while the people suspect that it is Oedipus who liked the former king (Sophocles, 1947, p.16). In that argument, Tiresias mentions Oedipus parents and he is surprised at how he knew about them while he was brought up in Corinth. Tiresias tell him that he knew Oedipuss parents mysteriously and as he left the stage he points out that the mur derer of Laius will become the brother and father to his own children and the offspring of his own spouse. At the mention of this, Oedipus threatens to kill Creon for siding with Tiresias and the whole place becomes noisy (Sophocles, 1947, p.17). At this point, Jocasta, the window of Laius and also the current Oedipuss wife, comes in and asks what the noise is for. Oedipus explains that the prophet has accused him for the death of Laius but Jocasta assures him that the murder was committed by thieves on a three-way junction before he, Oedipus, came to Thebes. The description of the murder however sounds familiar to Oedipus and he highly suspects that he could be the murderer. He tells Jocasta that he overheard that he was not the true son of the royal family and when he looked for the truth he was told that he will kill his own father and sleep with his own mother thus to avoid this from happening he flee away from Corinth. In his journey, he encountered a group of people who attacked him and killed them all except one in self-defence and that all this happened at the same spot that Jocasta had mentioned (Sophocles, 1947, p.19). He asks for the man, a shepherd, who had survived the tragedy to come and testify hoping that he will not identify him as the murderer. Before he arrives, a messenger comes with the message that Oedipuss father, the king of Corinth is dead and that Oedipus should go and take over the kingdom Jocasta rejoices at this (Sophocles, 1947, p.46). He also mentions that he should not worry since the king was not his biological father and that there was one shepherd who new the whole story well. Oedipus calls for this shepherd to come and testify. Suspecting that the truth will be revealed, Jocasta goes back to the palace. The shepherd does not want to reveal the truth but Oedipus threatens to kill him if he does not tell him. He finally discloses that Oedipus was the son of Laius but was adopted by the king of Corinth after he was disowned by his parents following a prophecy that he would kill his own father and make his mother his wife. Realising his true identity, he yells and goes back to the palace. He finds Jocasta has hanged herself; he removes the pins from her cloths and blinds himself. He comes back bleeding and asking to be expelled from the town (Sophocles, 1947, p.63). He is expelled and goes to wonder in unknown places until steps on a holy ground when he remembers that at some point the gods promised him that he would rest on that ground. He calls for Theseus, the king of Athens who pities for what had befallen Oedipus and offers to help him. Oedipus requests Theseus to take and live with him in until he dies though he cautions that this would bring the rage of Thebes to Athens. Just before his death, a dreadful thunder is heard and Oedipus calls for Theseus. He tells him that his time of death had come and he must perform some rites over Oedipuss body so as to protect the city. He leads Theseus to the place of his death and tells him no to disclose to anyone except his son during his death who is also to do the same. The earth burst open and he just disappeared (Sophocles, 1947, p. 65). From the unfortunate flow of events, we can confidently affirm that Oedipus is the perfect example of Aristotles tragic hero. As a child, a prophecy was made that when he grew up he would put his father to death and marry his mother. His biological parents, Laius and Jocasta try to evade the prophecy by killing him but the gods protect him and he is adopted by a royal family where he is brought up as a prince (Sophocles, 1947, p. 24). As he grows he believes that he can avoid the oracle that he will kill his father and take his mother in marriage. He leaves Corinth thinking that he has outsmarted the will of the gods but instead they are manipulating his will and leading him to the very place that he would commit the murder. At first, Oedipus is a good person and as a king, he virtuously rules Thebes and saves the whole city by giving a solution to the Sphinx riddle. When Thebes experiences the second plague, he tells them that he feels their suffering and that his is even worse than theirs. He knows what is best for his people and they trust his to an extent they take him for God. All the people in Thebes acknowledge his for his good leadership This is the house,and he is the good sir within (Sophocles, 1947, p.46) Since a tragic hero is not perfect, he falls because of his character. He is bad tempered and stubborn; will do anything that he thinks of without considering the outcome. His temper makes him kill his father and his wish to do anything led him to knowing the truth about his ability. Jocasta keeps on telling him not to seek for more information since it may cause him great harm but he insists that he must know the truth. Thus he falls by killing his father and marrying his mother due to his imperfection, an act which he is responsible of. He is born to noble family and the society does not expect him to fall and when he falls, it seems more of a calamity that involves the whole community. The moment he suspects that Laius and Jocasta were his true parents, his suffering begins. He is not at peace and he struggles to know the truth. He seeks information from all reliable sources and when he finally realises the truth, his punishment begins; he pricks his eyes and becomes blind for the rest of his life living away from his rightful home. This punishment is more than he deserves (Sophocles, 1947, p. 63). As his downfall comes to pass and the play comes to an end, the story gains the purgation of the viewers. Throughout the play, Oedipus brings out the sense of fear and pity to the audience. They fear his true identity and do not want to find it out. The pity is brought out by his downfall towards the end of the story. Thus the story is a tragedy drama because it brings out the purgation of the viewers and Oedipus is the tragic hero he has arouse these feelings and fulfilled the other Aristotles requirements.

The Progressive Era?s influence on the New Deal Essay example -- essay

The accomplishments taken place upon the onset of the many New Deal legislations owe much to the seeds implanted and unknowingly disseminated by the pre-WWI Progressive movement. Sparked by the new image as a world power, industrialization, and immigration at the dawn of the new century, a new found reform movement gripped the nation. With the new found image of the nation and world as a whole, the reforms advanced the position of the previously ignored people of the nation, as did its reincarnation and rebirth apparent in the New Deal. Although the first signs of this pristine Progressive movement shone since the mid-1800s, no one had cleared the way for its momentous effect upon the nation in the same degree as Theodore Roosevelt. Although at times hot-tempered and brash, his charismatic attitude pushed forward many of the original progressive legislations. For example, his Sherman Anti-Trust Act proposed the life of a trust should be based on its history and actions, since he believed â€Å"good† trusts existed along with â€Å"bad† ones. Next, the Elkins Act proposed railroads and shippers to offer rebates illegal. They also had to have fixed rates, and couldn’t change without notice. Also, the Hepburn Act gave ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates. Next, of course because of the impetus for reform provided by the many socialist writers, such as Upton Sinclair, was the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act, protecting the health and safety of consumable products a nd establishing the Food and Drug Administration. He also wished to preserve the untainted countryside, and established the National Forest Service and also strengthened the Forest Bureau. He also passed the Newlands Act which helped to create subsidies for irrigation in 16 western states. The actions taken by Theodore Roosevelt proved to throw the Progressive movement into the mainstream of the nation, showing its true, ingenuous face. When Theodore Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, failed to continue Roosevelt’s ongoing charismatic progressivism, both were bested by the newcomer, Woodrow Wilson. Although not receiving a majority in the vote, he, nonetheless, knew the country still ached for the progressivism it jubilantly basked in for so many years, which he called his "New Freedom." Immediately, Wilson went to work on what ... ...r labor issues of all ages, all fronts were attacked with full pride and confidence. Abandoned or diverted projects in the Progressive movement included many other reform issues that were reinstated during the New Deal. During the New Deal, legislations passed greatly improved the stature of many people who suffered great injustice prior to the Depression and especially during. The Progressive movement, at one time led by Woodrow Wilson and his crusade â€Å"triple wall of privilege,† compares directly to Roosevelt and his â€Å"three R’s,† both crusading for justice against the ignorance and deception taking place against the ordinary man. These everlasting accomplishments to improve the nation were all completed by the determination and perseverance of the reform groups of the Progressive era, which lay the groundwork for the New Deal, and Franklin Roosevelt, providing a resurgence for what the Progressive movement couldn’t accomplish. Resources: 1. http://www.geocities.com/dave_enrich/ctd/3p.roosevelt.html 2. http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Progressive_Presidents.htm 3. American Pageant text

Islamic Political Thought Essay

The division of spiritual and temporal in Christianity has taken a long time to be enacted into the political theory of the occidental mind. There is a long history of church rule behind today’s secular political thinking. Which recognizes religion as of no significance in the eye of the state. They have taken the sovereignty from God and put it into the hands of the people. In doing so they have declared collective human conscience as their guide and have rejected all sorts of scriptures of divine nature. This is leading these societies to moral ruin. Approval of homosexuality as a legal practice by the legislatures of some western countries is an indication of the moral collapse that awaits them. Although Islam has no division of spirit and mundane but still does not support theocracy or any other form of autocratic rule. It has taken a middle course, which can best be explained by the word â€Å"autonomous†. Giving the absolute power and responsibility of guidance in the hands of God, Islam lets the, Muslims to exercise unlimited sovereignty within the limits of Quran and Sunnah. Introduction This topic seemingly look very simple and the one which can have a straightforward answer. But actually it required a great insight into the historical and the political perspective of Islamic world at large. This proposition can be tackled at a number of levels. One scheme of addressing this question could be to go to the theological injunctions, that is, to argue from Quran and Hadith. The second approach could be of digging into the history and bringing out the relevant examples. There is yet another way of going through this riddle and that is to examine the evolution of political ideology in the world of Islam and comparing it with the political evolution of the other nations or rest of the world. We may adopt any of the above methodology. But in order to get a better view of things and comprehensive answer to this question. We analyze it at all the three above-mentioned levels. This will certainly render us a better understanding of not only this question but also of many other aspects of related political problems confronting the modern Muslim societies. Before beginning with our discussion it is useful that we first determine what sovereignty is? Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary describes sovereignty as: the highest power or fully independent and self-governing. Similarly Webster’s dictionary gives the following meanings to this word: â€Å"supreme leader or the one who exercise authority in a limited sphere†. Quranic Interpretation As for as simplest mind, which goes through the Quranic text, it cannot ignore the fact that the God, that is Allah, is omnipotent, all powerful and all governing. This is the first and the last impression, which Quran leaves on any mind, no matter how naive it may be. Contrary to many doctrines, Quran declares Allah to be the sole authority on every thing that is present not only in this world but the whole of the universe. Many Quranic verses can be quoted in this context. Blessed is the Lord who holds control over all and is Omnipotent. † (Al-mulk) And again: â€Å"Exalted is the One who controls every thing and to Him you shall resurrect. † (Ya-seen) This makes very cleat that every thing lies with Allah. It flows from thence unto His creatures. Same is the case with authority and sovereignty. Allah has send man on this earth as his vicegerent. Allah has given man sovereignty to reign on this world. As Quran says, â€Å"(remember) When your Lord said to angels that indeed I shall appoint a vicegerent on Earth. † (Al-baqarah) Thus, man rules earth on the behalf of his Lord. Therefore he can exercise sovereignty with in certain limits, prescribed by Allah. Once established that sovereignty is a reign were man has been given access. We find out whether men have been given some right to make decisions for themselves or not. Is a ruler selected by Allah and imposed on men or they are encouraged to exercise their sovereign right by some collective means? Now this is an arguable question. Some section may say that a king or some sort of ruler, imposed on the society by one way or the other, has the right to exercise the sovereignty that Allah has bestowed upon men. And we also find such a precedent in the Quran, from the story of Talloot and Jalloot in sura al-baqarah we come to know that kings were imposed on men without their will and consultation, what so ever. One may cite this example from the Holy book to give weight to his argument. But one thing must be kept in minds of the people that it was the practice of Allah for the people of Israel, usually referred to as Banu-Isreal in the Quran. Who were in a stage of evolution that was to culminate at the advent of the last Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H)? For us i. e. the ummah of the last prophet, this rule has changed. And the new scheme under which the sovereignty has to be exercised is given in the following verse: â€Å"And they conduct their affairs with mutual consultation. † (Shura) Thus we see that Quran encourages its followers to adopt a scheme of exercising their sovereignty over themselves by a way, which hinges itself over some system of broader consultation. Of the two views, latter is the one, which seems to be accurate and closer to the rationale thinking. From the above discussion, we have reached a conclusion that Quran does recognize the sovereignty of Muslim citizen in an Islamic state and they have to device such a methodology or system, which makes it convenient for them to achieve broader consultation. Quran, similarly, rejects a single person’s claim to sovereignty and authority. Who so ever becomes a ruler of a muslim state must take the views of the society while making decisions? Now the Quran does not let loose Muslims after giving them right to sovereignty. There are a number of responsibilities that the Quran puts on their shoulders. And Quran, in its own brief but effective manner, puts them as: â€Å"Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Guidance from Sunnah Sunnah i. e. Prophet’s life and actions is the biggest source after the Holy (Quran). There fore, we refer our self to this source. As the Quran says, â€Å"Consult Allah and the Prophet in a matter of discord. † At another place it is mentioned: â€Å"Surely there is the best guidance for you in the life of the prophet. † We see that the early part of the Prophet hood of Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H) does not give us any clue of the relation of citizens and state. It is only the latter part of his Prophet hood i. e. Medina period, in which he established a city state that we find some form or structure of a government. Now we can have any debate on the question of citizen’s sovereignty in the eye of Islam basing our investigations on this period of Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s life. It has become convenient, for at the very beginning of Medina period there is a record of a political agreement between all the cross-sections of population of Medina. This political document in itself, otherwise, is a very important and valuable document. It gives an insight into the political situation of the Muslims in particular and Medina and it’s surrounding in general. Coming back to the question we are confronted with. We investigate this document to find if it sheds any light on this particular question. The first clause, which defines the parties to the treaty, adequately addresses the sovereignty of the citizens. 1. This is the treaty between the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H), Aus and Khazraj (the helpers) and Jews of Medina and its surroundings. . Above-mentioned parties would be one group for the defense of Medina. 3. Every body is independent to practice ones religion. 4. Disputes among Jews would be settled according to their laws. It was an unprecedented treaty in respect of its very liberal approach towards communities of other religions. The point, which is very important for our thesis, is that everybody in Medina was treated as an equal party in this treaty. This was going to be the future constitution of that state for the rest of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). Although the Jews broke this accord and had to pay its price. We do not talk about Jews as is mentioned above that they were left to their own laws. But the Divine laws governed Muslims. Which were revealed to the Prophet (P. B. U. H. ) from time to time. Thus we see that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) in that state was the sole source of legislation. All the laws came from him. Many people misunderstand this phenomenon and they equate this authority of making laws by the Prophet Muhammad (P. BU. H) (that were revealed) as a precedent for authoritarian government by a single man. No, this approach is essentially flawed and contrary to the practice of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). If we examine his political life and circumstances prevalent at that time more carefully and keenly. Then we get to a conclusion rather different from the misunderstanding that has been indicated above. As we know that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to a people who were totally ignorant, had never experienced any form of collective government and, therefore did not have laws and legislations. Further more, Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s, messaged was meant for all times to come. Thus Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to such a neighborhood where he could construct a model beginning from scratch and having no influence of any previous system whatsoever. Now it was Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) job to introduce to them a system of laws and governance based on the divine guidance, and through them he was to demonstrate it to all people for all times to come. Laws were of course revealed and Muslims had and have to obey them as such. But when it comes to governance, we have ample examples to quote; Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) mostly used the method of consultation. And this is what the message is that after the discontinuation of revelation, Muslims have to run their affairs in the light of revealed guidance by mutual consultation. To quote few examples from Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life, in order to support the notion that citizens of an Islamic state do have some rights to exercise sovereignty over themselves, we refer to the following instances from the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) life: 1. As mentioned previously, in the very beginning of political history of the state of Medina general public i. e. Muslims were made an equal part in the matters of the governance. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) did not make himself the sole representative of the whole Muslim community. 2. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) appointed twelve representatives (Naqeebs) among the Ansar to represent them. 3. Before the battle of Badr Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) consulted Muhajreen as well as Ansar. 4. In the battlefield of Badr, the camping place of the army was selected on the advice of Habbad-bin-Munzir. 5. At the time of Uhad , Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) own opinion was to fight within the city but the general opinion was to fight outside the city, and that was followed. 6. In the battle of Ahzaab, the strategy of digging a trench for the defense of Medina was again an idea presented by Salman. 7. The method of calling the faithful to the prayer was again a matter sort out by mutual consultation. Hence at end of this chapter we conclude that Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life adequately provides us the evidence that in an Islamic state the power to rule and govern lies with the citizens and not with a single person or family or some creed. Rather it is the right of the people to govern themselves as they please, but of course not violating the Quranic limits set upon them. Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Islamic History and Muslim Scholars We have come out of an academic discussion. Now we shall be analyzing historical events and political realities. As we enter into a new phase of discussion. It will be very useful that we revise and redefine the question we are confronted with. So when we ask this that â€Å"are people sovereign in Islam? † What do we actually mean to imply? What are the other questions, which confront us when we say, â€Å"yes people are sovereign†? Having proved that sole source of power and strength is the Allah Almighty; do we mean to say, that Allah and His angels are physically involved in the governance of a state? Of course not, is the obvious answer. It is the men themselves who shall be arranging for any type of government. After placing theoretically all powers in Allah, when sovereignty is given to citizens it means following things. 1. Any government that is formed will be only due to the consensus of the majority of people. 2. Whenever there is some decision to be made, again it will be referred to people. Whatever a government or the rulers do is accountable to public. 4. As the government or state has functional powers, thus checks and balances on it to safeguard people against any sort of tyranny or exploitation. Now we shall examine different types of governments in Islamic history on the basis of these above points. To begin with, we first analyze first four guided caliphs. Abu Bakr (R. A) was made caliphs and presented him in front of public. His first address is very suitable example. It encompasses almost all the above four points. He said: â€Å"O people! I have been made caliph against my will.

“The Latest from the Feminist “Front” by Rush Limbaugh Essay Essays

â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Essays â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Paper â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh Essay Paper â€Å"The Latest from the Feminist â€Å"Front† by Rush Limbaugh statement is that how male’s chase females. The title â€Å"Feminist Front is the first grounds that the author usage to qualify feminist make a frontage. The author claims his positions on the feminist motion is unsmooth. insensitive. cruel. and provocative. The author is unsmooth on feminist with is why there is common land. The extract has several logical false beliefs which is some type of counter statement that weakens an statement ( Writer’s np ) . There are tonss of articles that are published in newspapers. advertizements. and other beginnings that have these logical false beliefs. It is non easy to cognize if an statement is unsound. The statement might be really weak to really strong. The author makes the first logical false belief called ruddy herring. A ruddy herring is when during the statement. the debater changes the subject by raising a side issue that distr acts the audience. The ruddy herring false belief in the first paragraph reads. â€Å"Few of my â€Å"Thirty-five Undeniable Truths of Life† have stirred as much contention and indignation as Number Twenty-four: â€Å"Feminism was established so that unattractive adult females could hold easier entree to the mainstream of society. † Rush does non explicate this truth about unattractive adult females. This is because he is Rush. a wireless personality. which talks harshly and loud to rock people to believe his point of view. Now. he is usually incorrect in my point of view like this extract. Rush gets paid to construct contention. Let’s expression at his statement about â€Å"unattractive† adult females. The writer’s implied warrant statement about the unattractive feminism is his definition for an vocal adult female. His first sub-claim implies that some feminist leaders are anti-male. because they speak out when work forces unsuitably flirt or make inappropriate remarks. This is one side of the issue which is called stacked grounds ( Woods 222 ) . The audience is supposed to hold with Rush. merely because. he repeats â€Å"it’s the truth† which is imploring the inquiry ( Wood 221 ) . Then he writes â€Å"that any look of involvement by a adult male in a adult female is harassment† is headlong generalisation. He generalize the term by take downing the value of a woman’s feelings. Subsequently. these extremist â€Å"would do work forces fearful of nearing women† . he writes in paragraph 7 shows headlong generalisation. Rush is connoting the all work forces would be fearful to near a adult females because the actions of a few work forces. He writes â€Å"people are labeling every twenty-four hours. normal. male-female behavior as harassment† non existent co lza. First-come-first-serve uses slippery incline as an emotional false belief by doing adult females afraid to describe torment. Slippery incline is a scare maneuver. when one thing happens it will instantly do catastrophe. The 2nd sub-claim is â€Å"that adult females have more power than most of them realize† in paragraph 9 ( Wood 233 ) . The explicit warrant province â€Å"the power to state yes or no – lies with the women† he erratically gives adult females power. The author does non value a woman’s word throughout the paper. but now. Rush validates the power of a adult female. Then he reverts back to his norm stating work forces should non be arrested for doing a wolf whistling at a becoming adult female in paragraph 13. In decision the author feels feminist adult females misuse the term torment and colza. Because adult females do non digest inappropriate progresss from married work forces they are feminist. He grounds that a adult female word is powerful. In fact he feels adult females are excessively sensitive. This will do work forces to halt chat uping with adult females. Rush could hold used statistics for the figure of colza instances that were really harassment instances. In add-on. he should hold debated a female to acquire the woman’s point of view. I’ve listened to Rush on the wireless and like the extract he exaggerates the issue in a loud voice. He does non utilize statistic. or a professional to back up his claims. Plants Cited Miller. James. and Wood. Nancy. â€Å"Perspectives on Argument. † New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Pearson Education. Inc. . 2012. Print. â€Å"Linking Words. † English Language Smart Words 6 Aug. 2014: 10. Print. â€Å"The Writing Center. † The Writing Center. 1 Aug. 2014. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. .

How to Write a Thesis

How to Write a Thesis How to Write a Thesis How to Write a Thesis By Mark Nichol An analytical or persuasive essay is a capsule thesis, and, like its more substantial analogue, it requires a thesis statement. Here are some notes about how to develop that statement. A thesis statement is a sentence (or two) that encapsulates and introduces an analysis or argument. An essay benefits from a thesis statement by concisely expressing the writer’s argument and serving as a basis for developing and organizing it. If you are assigned to write an essay, whether in an academic or professional setting, the topic may or may not be given. If the topic is specified, you can produce the thesis statement by converting the explanation of the assignment into a question; your response to that question is the thesis statement. For example, if you are asked to write about feeding wild animals, you might pose the question â€Å"Why is feeding wild animals a bad idea?† You might reply, â€Å"Feeding wild animals disrupts natural habits in animals and endangers them and the people who feed them.† You would then research the issue and jot down notes about how feeding wild animals, or making food available to them, might make them dependent on food supplied by humans, which in turn may affect their ability to forage or hunt when the human-provided food may no longer be available. Another supporting point would be the consequences to humans: Animals that are fed may become insistent or even aggressive, damaging property or attacking humans or their pets; diseased animals may infect humans they come in contact with, and so on. If it is your responsibility to select the topic, consider these elements of a successful persuasive essay: the topic is an issue that is arguable (that is, it isn’t a given that every reader would agree with you), and it can be adequately discussed in the framework of the assignment. In addition, confirm that you are adhering to one main idea and that, when you are done, you have not only stated your views but also supported your conclusions. Distinguishing characteristics of effective theses are that they are specific, they clearly state the writer’s position, and they encourage discussion. These qualities should be apparent in the work as a whole as well as in the thesis statement itself. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and Toes30 Baseball IdiomsThe Uses of â€Å"The†

Economy and Infrastructure Sector Research Paper

Economy and Infrastructure Sector - Research Paper Example The hosts of regulatory bodies like Security Exchange Commission, Chicago Board of Trade Futures, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), The New York Stock Exchange, Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and many others are part of the policy environment, which is responsible in allowing, regulating, and settling various financial transactions, without which we cannot think of existence of any present-day business activities. Importance of business and financial infrastructure can be gauged from the fact that federal government has identified the financial sector as part of its critical infrastructure protection (CIP) efforts. Numerous arrangements help protect customers as well as institutions. The depositors are protected by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the event of a severe liquidity crisis or due to the failure of a bank. Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) is available to all institutions during disruption of the primary communication links. It is possible that we may encounter totally unknown calamity whether manmade or natural of totally different dimensions and depth and then it will be a real litmus test for all our thought process and strategic preparedness and final assessment from the fact that how we come out of it unscathed. The economy of any country rests and thrives on its infrastructure setup. Finance and business infrastructures are the primary necessities through that economy of the country throbs and elevate to the new levels in terms of Gross Domestic Product of the country. When the  U.S. was under the grip of great depression during the thirties and unemployment was rampant, then the new president-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt spearheaded the country through a host of infrastructure projects in terms of roads and buildings, bridges and hydroelectric dams, electrification and irrigation projects. This helped reduce the high unemployment rate and increased business activities manifold. After the necessary pause during the World War II, activities again got momentum to create large-scale interstate highways, air and sea ports including many housing projects in private sectors.

World War II Propoganda Posters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

World War II Propoganda Posters - Essay Example Some also believe that it is basically the methodology employed in the persuasion that determines whether chanting of a slogan, jargon or an appeal is propaganda or not. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) History bears testimony to the fact that greatest of propagandas have been used during wartime. In such times the warring nations often resort to propaganda campaigns that instigate people to acts which are most conducive to victory. The psychological warfare during cold war period was also a kind of propaganda that was meant to enfeeble the enemy's might and the will to fight. Another strategy, which is commonly known as 'brainwashing' and frequently used against prisoners unite political propaganda with bitter treatment of the prisoners to minimize its confrontation. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) Several of the methods, which are employed in propaganda, are logical and common-sense techniques that include achieving the confidence of people, simplicity and repetition, and the use of symbols. (Taylor, S.n.p.n.d.) The propaganda may differ in nature from other educational forms which exist in literary societies, but in an autocratic educational set-up, it can involve educating the youth of a nation by practices that could be categorized as propaganda. The tutors in educated societies teach pupil 'how to think', but propagandists tell them 'what to think'. Many academicians may be inclined to change their opinions if and when new evidence emerges, but propagandists will always evade evidence that comes in their way. Thus the educators consider all aspects of a problem and are willing to advance a discussion but a propagandists on the contrary would never do that and enter into any kind of debate. The propagandists instead would always touch extremes and try to persuade and mold public opinion through strongest possible case which he builds so very desperately and ambitiously. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) What makes World War II propaganda posters forms of propaganda Although the Propaganda Posters used in World War11 (1939-1945) were simple and randomly created to suit the newly emerging situations, they proved very effective on the belligerents simply because they were repeated over and over again. Also the words used to write catchy jargons, sensational slogans, and even appeals on the propaganda posters were often very simple but the pattern and symmetry in which they were used carried the message far and wide. For instance Nazis of Germany had used the below words of Adolph Hitler in one of their propaganda posters during World War11, "The intelligence of the masses is small. Their forgetfulness is great. They