Police Trauma and Addictions Essay - 1116 Words

Police Trauma and Addictions Tabel of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Substance Use and Abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Alcohol Abuse Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Trauma Strass Interventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 A study of 852 police officers found that nearly 50 percent of male and 40 percent of female officers consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Excessive amounts of alcohol is defined as more than 8 drinks per week at least twice a month or over 28 drinks a month for males and more than 6 drinks per week at least twice a month or 14 drinks a month for females and that nearly 90 percent of all officers consumed alcohol†¦show more content†¦Stree can generally be defined as the body’s non-specific response to any demand placed upon it. There are two main types of stress, chronic and acute. Chronic stressors are everyday stressors of a low to moderate intensity, such as organizational stress, poor supervision, and shift work. Acute stressors are events that are time limited and intense, such as critical incidents and officer involved shootings. Evidence suggests that the two factors often are linked, due to the high-stress environment of police work. Some examples that caus e trauma and stress could include an officer-involved shooting, the death of a coworker, serious injury while on duty, life-threatening incidents, hostage situations or negotiations, exposure to intense crime scenes, or a police suicide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated most often with critical incidents experienced by law enforcement officers. PTSD includes symptoms that develop when experiencing intense fear, helplessness, or horror. These symptoms cause discomfort while trying to function on the job. If the symptoms persist for more than 1 month or appear for the first time 6 months after the event, then possible PTSD should be treated. Many high ranking police officers still believe that stress is not a problem that requires attention. This belief is based on two assumptions 1) stress exists, but is aShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthe police forces says they are going after hardcore criminals when there were about 1.5 million arrest of drug related offenses in 2012 and about 50% were for marijuana use (Drugfree).The police force has been a number driven group since the beginning of the 1980’s. This means that one arrest is equal to â€Å"one† arrest. So if a police group spends two years tracking down a violent drug organization that’s killed maybe 20-30 people and they lock up six guys, that six â€Å"ones.† If that same police groupRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Overdose Deaths1493 Words   |  6 PagesJersey. The crisis of drug addiction in teens and young adults has incr eased from 2012. According to a 2014 drug report, there has been an increase of 200% over the past five years in substance abuse mainly due to prescription medications (New Jersey Task Force). Furthermore, prescription medications may lead to other substance abuse problems. For instance, many youths turn to opiates and heroin which are less expensive than prescription medications to satisfy their addiction. In addition, opium is obtainedRead MoreBrenda Myers Powell And The Exploitation Of Prostitution929 Words   |  4 Pagesprostitutes always the victim or do some control their work, and even enjoy sex? 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When we think about addiction, the first things that pops up were drug, alcohol, gamble and tobacco but nowadays addiction can be anythingRead MoreUsing the Triage Assessment Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesJamison Law Abstract This paper will discuss the case of Ariadne; it will summarize the diagnostic skills and techniques used to screen for addiction, aggression, and danger to self and others, as well as co-occurring mental disorders during a crisis, disaster, or other trauma-causing event. It will evaluate the key elements of the crisis, disaster, or trauma-causing event to include the nature of the crisis and associated risks, including client and counselor safety. This paper will differentiateRead MoreEthical Issues Of Drug Abuse1381 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals who choose to disengage from those programs. The author question â€Å"the mainstream high-threshold model of service delivery which permits the â€Å"cherry picking† of certain clients over others. 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Or engages in an activity such as gambling , sex, and shopping that can be pleasurable butRead MoreLegalization Of Ilicit Drugs1236 Words   |  5 Pages24% from 2012 to 2014 (Reed, 2016).It is keeping people from going to jail for a small amount of marijuana or a minor crime. The Canadian police in 2013 reported 109,000 drug offences;One third of them were for marijuana and almost half of them were just for possession (Durose, Cooper, Snyder, 2014).If Canada follows Colorado`s policy, it can allow the police to shift their focusonbigger issues. Countless studies have proven jail is theleast effective option when it comes to rehabilitating peopleRead MoreMexico Case Study964 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen expensive and destructive. It is important that the U.S. and Mà ©xico work together to continue strengthening their security cooperation. The U.S. and Mà ©xico must work on strengthening Mà ©xico’s judicial procedures, fight corruption, and reform the police forces. Because it is clear that this issue also affects t he U.S., it would be beneficial for the U.S. to work on improving its gun laws and increase emphasis on prevention and treatment for drug addicts. Improving Mà ©xico’s rule of law is an important

Macbeth by William Shakespeare - 770 Words

The play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a Scottish general, who receives a prophecy from three witches that he will one day become king. One of the most memorable scenes in the play could be act I scene III because of its causing effects. Act I scene III is the first appearance of the Weird Sisters which begins the entire events of the tragedy. In this scene, one will see the relationship of this scene to the main events and importance of this scene to the rest of the play following Macbeth’s meeting of the witches. One will a lso see how the simple speaking of the witches in the beginning of act one scene three most definitely foreshadows the fate coming for Macbeth. Act I scene III begins with three witches, the Weird Sisters, talking about what they have been doing, â€Å"killing swine† (The Tragedy of Macbeth 1.3.2) says one sister. Another sister describes the revenge she is planning for a sailor whose wife would not share her chestnuts, saying: â€Å"her husband’s to Aleppo gone, master o’ th’ Tiger; but in a sieve I’ll thither sail,Show MoreRelatedMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. 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What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). 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Causes and Effects of Land Pollution Free Essays

Land pollution is one of the gravest kinds of pollutions. I say so because we do not realize when and how we pollute land due to different things we do and decisions we take. We realize the air is getting polluted when we step out of our houses and take a deep breath. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Land Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now We know when our actions cause water pollution, for we can see for ourselves the quality of the water worsening. Similarly noise, light, visual pollution can all be monitored, because we can all see or sense these kinds of pollution. However, land pollution is a hard one to get since we do not understand and we cannot comprehend which of our actions cause destruction of land. What is Land Pollution? When the anthropogenic effects of development adversely affect land (especially in turns of quality of land), it can be termed as land pollution. This brings us to an important question – what counts as an adverse effect? The answer is simple – anything that reduces the productivity and potential of a piece of land. Here, ‘productivity and potential’ refers to prospective uses of a piece of land for any of the different purposes for which land is used; including infrastructure, housing, services, agriculture, forestry, etc. If any of the effects of human development reduce the potential of a piece of land to be used for any good purpose, it amounts to land pollution. Causes of Land Pollution 1. Degenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including – deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc. Many of these are unavoidable; however, definitely the severity of these actions in terms of the effects they have on the land can be reduced by taking appropriate and adequate corrective measure. For example, the amount of litter produced can be hugely reduced if we all strictly say NO to plastic. The key here is to conduct a thorough EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment. 2. Misuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear land for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and land conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development and / or other actions converts a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dryland. Isn’t that a scary thought? Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is also a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but also the overall biodiversity of a place, specially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process. 3. Inefficient Use of Land – surprised? Does inefficient use of land count as a cause of land pollution? Yes. Why? Due to the consequences of inefficient use of land. Inefficient use of land as such is not going to cause land pollution. However, inefficient use of land amounts to wastage, and hence shortage of land; and it is precisely during such conditions that man has to resort to measure such as deforestation and others to meet his needs. It is an important, albeit an indirect cause of land pollution that is often largely neglected. 4. Soil Pollution is when the top-most ‘soil’ layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain – a process often referred to as biomagnification of a pollutant. 5. Land Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not have a good – or a good enough – solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution. Other key causes of land pollution include – urbanization, improper waste disposal, industrial activities, nuclear research, chemicals released by all sorts of heavy industries, coal-fired power plants, metals production industries, etc. Effects of Land Pollution 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple example – on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to affect a lot more things than we though it will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage organic farming – buy organic food. Proper garbage disposal – separate your garbage before you give it to the garbage collector; and strictly say NO to plastic. Encourage recycling – buy recycled products, notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides – they are not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as well. If we reduce our contribution to garbage and litter, therein itself we will be able to significantly reduce land pollution and probably curb it entirely in the near future. Also do realize this isn’t only about land pollution; it is about all kinds of pollution. We need to take steps to prevent damaging our Earth. We have no other place to go. How to cite Causes and Effects of Land Pollution, Essay examples

Legal Risk Management for Fagg Mitre - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLegal Risk Managementfor Fagg Mitre. Answer: The construction industry is one of the key complex industries in the world and identified industry, which involves a lot of risks. There is no single project in the construction industry which is considered to be risk free and Fagg Mitre 10 project is not an exception. Therefore, the risk management is and was a key factor which has to be involved in the construction of this project. In addition, the different risks in this industry are able to involve different personnel who are responsible in mitigating them and ensuring that the work progress moves as it was planned (Osipova Apleberger, 2007). The demand of the risk management from the different stakeholders has been able to increase over the past decade due to the increase of the risks involved. Moreover, the different risks are able to originate from the initial stages such as the pre-construction phase to the construction phase. The uncertainty of projects is one of the key area which is able to increase the risks in the cons truction industry during the different phases. According to Smith, Merna and Jobling (2006), the level of the risks in the construction industry is able to reach the highest level during the construction phase. There are several risks which are able to occur during the construction and pre-construction phases of the construction industry. This paper will analyze the different risks which are able to analyze some of these key risks and the people who are responsible to eliminating them. In addition, the paper will analyze the different identify the dispute resolution process which can be used to solve these risks between the key stakeholders who are Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, Lyon construction and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. During the pre-construction phase, there are several construction risks which are able to emerge. One of the key risk, which may emerge in this phase, is the lack of communication leading to withholding of information between the different stakeholders (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Proper communication between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, who us the client, P. J. O'Reilly Associate, who is the architect and Lyon construction who is the contractor is needed. This risk may lead to lack of cooperation during the pre-construction processes and therefore hinder the progress of the projects. Moreover, the key information may mean that other stakeholders will be unable to handle their responsibilities to ensure continued progress of the projects (Edwards, 2009). The communication at this stage is a key factor to ensure that different issues of the construction project are resolved (Bunni, 2011). In order to control the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has to play a key role of ensuring different parties are able to enhance the communication and passing the key information. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has the main powers at this stage to choose the different stakeholders who will be able to coordinate and ensure that these issues do not arise due to miscommunication. In addition, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to ensure that none of the parties is able to withhold which is key for the construction industry (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM), 2005). In terms of solving the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to have meeting with the concerned parties and therefore instruct them to release the information to other parties. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd can call all the parties and offer the instructions on resolving the issue. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd will ensure that he or she is able to instruct the parties on the mode of communication and what to pass to other stakeholders. Another key risk, which can be experienced at this stage, is the design changes by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd or P. J. O'Reilly Associate. The changes in the design may cause some key difficulties for other parties and lead to step back of the planning of the construction phase (Bunni, 2011). The changes risk is able to affect the progress of other parties in the construction industry and this is able to enhance the lack of continued working. The change risk is real when Fagg Bros Pty Ltd needs to have different design aspects and this is able to cause the risk of withholding the construction and design. Moreover, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associate, can solve this risk. In cooperation of the design parameters which Fagg Bros Pty Ltd need will be able to resolve the risk and enhance the construction (Engineers, 2006). Quick in cooperation of these changes will be the key way to ensure that the different aspects are able to change and enhance the continued construction process . The key process, which may take place in order to risk this risk, may start with Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd may instruct P. J. O'Reilly Associate to in cooperate the design changes in his designs (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Then P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to forward the changes to the engineers for him to in cooperate the same changes in his designs. The engineer and P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to resolve the design parameters and then update the other stakeholders concerning the issue. Another key risk in the pre-construction phase is the existence of the variations by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty can be able to make different changes concerning the different aspects of the construction. From the size of the construction to the design aspects, the client has the power to be able to change them (Construction Industry Publications, Ltd, Construction Confederation, 1999). The changes are able to affect the plans which the other stakeholders have concerning the progress of the construction. The variation of the size for instance, may be able to change the material requirement and the tendering process requirements. This means that the choice of the relevant contractor, which is able to lie on this phase, will be affected. In addition, the client may be able to change other factors such as the financial aspects, the commencing dates among other things. These will be able to affect the execution of the pre-construction process of the construction (Ludhra, 2015). Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and the procurement departments can be able to resolve the risks concerning these changes. The major process, which can be followed, is where Fagg Bros Pty can forward the change to the respective concerned department and ensure that the change is updated. For instance, the change of the date may be forwarded to the procurement to enhance the changes in the selection of the qualified contractor. This will ensure that the other stakeholders will be able to get the required update after the respective departments are able to resolve the issues. In addition, the construction phase is couple with different construction risks. One of the key risk, which is found on this phase, is the changes in the economic factors. This is able to change the cost factors of the construction project meaning that the increase of the funding is needed (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). Due to these changes the Fagg's Mitre 10 redevelopment is estimated to run for a cost if between $5 million and $10 million. As the construction continues, the change in economic factor may lead to increased cost of the project. The changes in the economic factors will be able to change the cost of the different factors such as materials. The economic parameters are key essential factors, which are able to enhance the continued construction phase of the projects. The major responsible personnel to resolve this risk is the Lyon construction who is charged with the execution of the construction works (National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). Lyon construction is require d to have included the existence of such risks in his initial quotation of the price of the project. In order to resolve this risk, Lyon construction will be able to contact the main departments with his operation s and ensure that they are able to finance the additional cost on the project (Manseau Shields, 2005). Moreover, if the cost was not provided in the initial bid, Lyon construction will be able to contact Fagg Bros Pty Ltd concerning the increase. In the process, Lyon construction will be able to ask for the additional financing from the client in order to cover such increases. Another key risk, which can be found on the construction phase, is the delay in the design approval for the different construction drawings (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). The design and approval; of construction documents is a key process which the construction phase is able to depend on to enhance the success of the projects. This means that Lyon construction will be unable to continue with the construction phase without these key documents, which they are needed to enhance this phase of project. The delay in the design is a key element, which will be able to affect the construction phase. The approval of the key document is need to be timely to ensure that Lyon construction is able to commence the construction phase (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). In addition, some of the documents can be signed and approved while the construction phase is in process. Failure to have these approval will mean that the contractors works will be hindered. The architect P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers a re the major responsible stakeholders who have to make sure that the delivered construction documents are approved for the construction. The major channel which P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineers are able to use will include that P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers will conduct the approving authorities (Wu, 2011). After that, they will present the documents to Lyon construction and ensure that the contractors have the key approved documents, which need to be used in the construction phase. Another key risk, which is found on this phase of construction, is errors, omissions and discrepancies in the design. The design process is the key process, which is able to enhance the successful completion of the construction phase. The errors in the design means that the construction will lead to the wrong completion of the project will may lead to changes in future. This will be able to lead to additional cost after the construction due to the changes which will be required. Any discrepancies in the design are able to affect the continuous construction phase of the industry (ztas And kmen, 2005). In addition, any key omission on the design is able to mean that the construction process will be stalled. This means that the project cannot be completed with the proper design and Lyon construction work will be hindered highly (Lingard Rowlinson, 2005). The best personnel to resolve the risks, which happen in the design, are the engineers and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. These key perso nnel will be able to hold meetings together and resolve any design risks which might happened. In addition, they will be able to involve Fagg Bros Pty Ltd to ensure that he or she is aware of the construction status. After that, P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineer will be able to call Lyon construction and update him about the changes which has been done to resolve these risks. In conclusion, the risks in the pre-construction and construction phases of a project are able to stall the successful completion of construction projects. These key risks have different people who are responsible for their resolving. The client, architects, engineer and the contractors are some of the key personnel who are responsible for resolving these risks. The key elements and risks resolving is able to enhance the continuation of the construction and completion of the construction projects. References BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM). (2005). Variability in construction insurance and alternative insurance solutions. [Ottawa, Ont.], Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/250380. Construction industry publications, ltd, construction confederation. . (1999). Risk assessment in construction guide. Sheldon, Birmingham, Construction Industry Publications. EDWARDS, L. (2009). 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