Police Trauma and Addictions Essay - 1116 Words

Police Trauma and Addictions Tabel of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Substance Use and Abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Alcohol Abuse Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Trauma Strass Interventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 A study of 852 police officers found that nearly 50 percent of male and 40 percent of female officers consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Excessive amounts of alcohol is defined as more than 8 drinks per week at least twice a month or over 28 drinks a month for males and more than 6 drinks per week at least twice a month or 14 drinks a month for females and that nearly 90 percent of all officers consumed alcohol†¦show more content†¦Stree can generally be defined as the body’s non-specific response to any demand placed upon it. There are two main types of stress, chronic and acute. Chronic stressors are everyday stressors of a low to moderate intensity, such as organizational stress, poor supervision, and shift work. Acute stressors are events that are time limited and intense, such as critical incidents and officer involved shootings. Evidence suggests that the two factors often are linked, due to the high-stress environment of police work. Some examples that caus e trauma and stress could include an officer-involved shooting, the death of a coworker, serious injury while on duty, life-threatening incidents, hostage situations or negotiations, exposure to intense crime scenes, or a police suicide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated most often with critical incidents experienced by law enforcement officers. PTSD includes symptoms that develop when experiencing intense fear, helplessness, or horror. These symptoms cause discomfort while trying to function on the job. If the symptoms persist for more than 1 month or appear for the first time 6 months after the event, then possible PTSD should be treated. Many high ranking police officers still believe that stress is not a problem that requires attention. This belief is based on two assumptions 1) stress exists, but is aShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthe police forces says they are going after hardcore criminals when there were about 1.5 million arrest of drug related offenses in 2012 and about 50% were for marijuana use (Drugfree).The police force has been a number driven group since the beginning of the 1980’s. This means that one arrest is equal to â€Å"one† arrest. So if a police group spends two years tracking down a violent drug organization that’s killed maybe 20-30 people and they lock up six guys, that six â€Å"ones.† If that same police groupRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Overdose Deaths1493 Words   |  6 PagesJersey. The crisis of drug addiction in teens and young adults has incr eased from 2012. According to a 2014 drug report, there has been an increase of 200% over the past five years in substance abuse mainly due to prescription medications (New Jersey Task Force). Furthermore, prescription medications may lead to other substance abuse problems. For instance, many youths turn to opiates and heroin which are less expensive than prescription medications to satisfy their addiction. In addition, opium is obtainedRead MoreBrenda Myers Powell And The Exploitation Of Prostitution929 Words   |  4 Pagesprostitutes always the victim or do some control their work, and even enjoy sex? 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When we think about addiction, the first things that pops up were drug, alcohol, gamble and tobacco but nowadays addiction can be anythingRead MoreUsing the Triage Assessment Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesJamison Law Abstract This paper will discuss the case of Ariadne; it will summarize the diagnostic skills and techniques used to screen for addiction, aggression, and danger to self and others, as well as co-occurring mental disorders during a crisis, disaster, or other trauma-causing event. It will evaluate the key elements of the crisis, disaster, or trauma-causing event to include the nature of the crisis and associated risks, including client and counselor safety. This paper will differentiateRead MoreEthical Issues Of Drug Abuse1381 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals who choose to disengage from those programs. The author question â€Å"the mainstream high-threshold model of service delivery which permits the â€Å"cherry picking† of certain clients over others. 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Or engages in an activity such as gambling , sex, and shopping that can be pleasurable butRead MoreLegalization Of Ilicit Drugs1236 Words   |  5 Pages24% from 2012 to 2014 (Reed, 2016).It is keeping people from going to jail for a small amount of marijuana or a minor crime. The Canadian police in 2013 reported 109,000 drug offences;One third of them were for marijuana and almost half of them were just for possession (Durose, Cooper, Snyder, 2014).If Canada follows Colorado`s policy, it can allow the police to shift their focusonbigger issues. Countless studies have proven jail is theleast effective option when it comes to rehabilitating peopleRead MoreMexico Case Study964 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen expensive and destructive. It is important that the U.S. and Mà ©xico work together to continue strengthening their security cooperation. The U.S. and Mà ©xico must work on strengthening Mà ©xico’s judicial procedures, fight corruption, and reform the police forces. Because it is clear that this issue also affects t he U.S., it would be beneficial for the U.S. to work on improving its gun laws and increase emphasis on prevention and treatment for drug addicts. Improving Mà ©xico’s rule of law is an important

Macbeth by William Shakespeare - 770 Words

The play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a Scottish general, who receives a prophecy from three witches that he will one day become king. One of the most memorable scenes in the play could be act I scene III because of its causing effects. Act I scene III is the first appearance of the Weird Sisters which begins the entire events of the tragedy. In this scene, one will see the relationship of this scene to the main events and importance of this scene to the rest of the play following Macbeth’s meeting of the witches. One will a lso see how the simple speaking of the witches in the beginning of act one scene three most definitely foreshadows the fate coming for Macbeth. Act I scene III begins with three witches, the Weird Sisters, talking about what they have been doing, â€Å"killing swine† (The Tragedy of Macbeth 1.3.2) says one sister. Another sister describes the revenge she is planning for a sailor whose wife would not share her chestnuts, saying: â€Å"her husband’s to Aleppo gone, master o’ th’ Tiger; but in a sieve I’ll thither sail,Show MoreRelatedMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. 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What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). 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Causes and Effects of Land Pollution Free Essays

Land pollution is one of the gravest kinds of pollutions. I say so because we do not realize when and how we pollute land due to different things we do and decisions we take. We realize the air is getting polluted when we step out of our houses and take a deep breath. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Land Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now We know when our actions cause water pollution, for we can see for ourselves the quality of the water worsening. Similarly noise, light, visual pollution can all be monitored, because we can all see or sense these kinds of pollution. However, land pollution is a hard one to get since we do not understand and we cannot comprehend which of our actions cause destruction of land. What is Land Pollution? When the anthropogenic effects of development adversely affect land (especially in turns of quality of land), it can be termed as land pollution. This brings us to an important question – what counts as an adverse effect? The answer is simple – anything that reduces the productivity and potential of a piece of land. Here, ‘productivity and potential’ refers to prospective uses of a piece of land for any of the different purposes for which land is used; including infrastructure, housing, services, agriculture, forestry, etc. If any of the effects of human development reduce the potential of a piece of land to be used for any good purpose, it amounts to land pollution. Causes of Land Pollution 1. Degenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including – deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc. Many of these are unavoidable; however, definitely the severity of these actions in terms of the effects they have on the land can be reduced by taking appropriate and adequate corrective measure. For example, the amount of litter produced can be hugely reduced if we all strictly say NO to plastic. The key here is to conduct a thorough EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment. 2. Misuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear land for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and land conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development and / or other actions converts a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dryland. Isn’t that a scary thought? Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is also a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but also the overall biodiversity of a place, specially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process. 3. Inefficient Use of Land – surprised? Does inefficient use of land count as a cause of land pollution? Yes. Why? Due to the consequences of inefficient use of land. Inefficient use of land as such is not going to cause land pollution. However, inefficient use of land amounts to wastage, and hence shortage of land; and it is precisely during such conditions that man has to resort to measure such as deforestation and others to meet his needs. It is an important, albeit an indirect cause of land pollution that is often largely neglected. 4. Soil Pollution is when the top-most ‘soil’ layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain – a process often referred to as biomagnification of a pollutant. 5. Land Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not have a good – or a good enough – solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution. Other key causes of land pollution include – urbanization, improper waste disposal, industrial activities, nuclear research, chemicals released by all sorts of heavy industries, coal-fired power plants, metals production industries, etc. Effects of Land Pollution 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple example – on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to affect a lot more things than we though it will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage organic farming – buy organic food. Proper garbage disposal – separate your garbage before you give it to the garbage collector; and strictly say NO to plastic. Encourage recycling – buy recycled products, notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides – they are not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as well. If we reduce our contribution to garbage and litter, therein itself we will be able to significantly reduce land pollution and probably curb it entirely in the near future. Also do realize this isn’t only about land pollution; it is about all kinds of pollution. We need to take steps to prevent damaging our Earth. We have no other place to go. How to cite Causes and Effects of Land Pollution, Essay examples

Legal Risk Management for Fagg Mitre - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLegal Risk Managementfor Fagg Mitre. Answer: The construction industry is one of the key complex industries in the world and identified industry, which involves a lot of risks. There is no single project in the construction industry which is considered to be risk free and Fagg Mitre 10 project is not an exception. Therefore, the risk management is and was a key factor which has to be involved in the construction of this project. In addition, the different risks in this industry are able to involve different personnel who are responsible in mitigating them and ensuring that the work progress moves as it was planned (Osipova Apleberger, 2007). The demand of the risk management from the different stakeholders has been able to increase over the past decade due to the increase of the risks involved. Moreover, the different risks are able to originate from the initial stages such as the pre-construction phase to the construction phase. The uncertainty of projects is one of the key area which is able to increase the risks in the cons truction industry during the different phases. According to Smith, Merna and Jobling (2006), the level of the risks in the construction industry is able to reach the highest level during the construction phase. There are several risks which are able to occur during the construction and pre-construction phases of the construction industry. This paper will analyze the different risks which are able to analyze some of these key risks and the people who are responsible to eliminating them. In addition, the paper will analyze the different identify the dispute resolution process which can be used to solve these risks between the key stakeholders who are Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, Lyon construction and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. During the pre-construction phase, there are several construction risks which are able to emerge. One of the key risk, which may emerge in this phase, is the lack of communication leading to withholding of information between the different stakeholders (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Proper communication between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, who us the client, P. J. O'Reilly Associate, who is the architect and Lyon construction who is the contractor is needed. This risk may lead to lack of cooperation during the pre-construction processes and therefore hinder the progress of the projects. Moreover, the key information may mean that other stakeholders will be unable to handle their responsibilities to ensure continued progress of the projects (Edwards, 2009). The communication at this stage is a key factor to ensure that different issues of the construction project are resolved (Bunni, 2011). In order to control the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has to play a key role of ensuring different parties are able to enhance the communication and passing the key information. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd has the main powers at this stage to choose the different stakeholders who will be able to coordinate and ensure that these issues do not arise due to miscommunication. In addition, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to ensure that none of the parties is able to withhold which is key for the construction industry (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM), 2005). In terms of solving the risk, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to have meeting with the concerned parties and therefore instruct them to release the information to other parties. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd can call all the parties and offer the instructions on resolving the issue. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd will ensure that he or she is able to instruct the parties on the mode of communication and what to pass to other stakeholders. Another key risk, which can be experienced at this stage, is the design changes by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd or P. J. O'Reilly Associate. The changes in the design may cause some key difficulties for other parties and lead to step back of the planning of the construction phase (Bunni, 2011). The changes risk is able to affect the progress of other parties in the construction industry and this is able to enhance the lack of continued working. The change risk is real when Fagg Bros Pty Ltd needs to have different design aspects and this is able to cause the risk of withholding the construction and design. Moreover, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associate, can solve this risk. In cooperation of the design parameters which Fagg Bros Pty Ltd need will be able to resolve the risk and enhance the construction (Engineers, 2006). Quick in cooperation of these changes will be the key way to ensure that the different aspects are able to change and enhance the continued construction process . The key process, which may take place in order to risk this risk, may start with Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd may instruct P. J. O'Reilly Associate to in cooperate the design changes in his designs (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Then P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to forward the changes to the engineers for him to in cooperate the same changes in his designs. The engineer and P. J. O'Reilly Associate will be able to resolve the design parameters and then update the other stakeholders concerning the issue. Another key risk in the pre-construction phase is the existence of the variations by the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd. Fagg Bros Pty can be able to make different changes concerning the different aspects of the construction. From the size of the construction to the design aspects, the client has the power to be able to change them (Construction Industry Publications, Ltd, Construction Confederation, 1999). The changes are able to affect the plans which the other stakeholders have concerning the progress of the construction. The variation of the size for instance, may be able to change the material requirement and the tendering process requirements. This means that the choice of the relevant contractor, which is able to lie on this phase, will be affected. In addition, the client may be able to change other factors such as the financial aspects, the commencing dates among other things. These will be able to affect the execution of the pre-construction process of the construction (Ludhra, 2015). Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and the procurement departments can be able to resolve the risks concerning these changes. The major process, which can be followed, is where Fagg Bros Pty can forward the change to the respective concerned department and ensure that the change is updated. For instance, the change of the date may be forwarded to the procurement to enhance the changes in the selection of the qualified contractor. This will ensure that the other stakeholders will be able to get the required update after the respective departments are able to resolve the issues. In addition, the construction phase is couple with different construction risks. One of the key risk, which is found on this phase, is the changes in the economic factors. This is able to change the cost factors of the construction project meaning that the increase of the funding is needed (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). Due to these changes the Fagg's Mitre 10 redevelopment is estimated to run for a cost if between $5 million and $10 million. As the construction continues, the change in economic factor may lead to increased cost of the project. The changes in the economic factors will be able to change the cost of the different factors such as materials. The economic parameters are key essential factors, which are able to enhance the continued construction phase of the projects. The major responsible personnel to resolve this risk is the Lyon construction who is charged with the execution of the construction works (National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). Lyon construction is require d to have included the existence of such risks in his initial quotation of the price of the project. In order to resolve this risk, Lyon construction will be able to contact the main departments with his operation s and ensure that they are able to finance the additional cost on the project (Manseau Shields, 2005). Moreover, if the cost was not provided in the initial bid, Lyon construction will be able to contact Fagg Bros Pty Ltd concerning the increase. In the process, Lyon construction will be able to ask for the additional financing from the client in order to cover such increases. Another key risk, which can be found on the construction phase, is the delay in the design approval for the different construction drawings (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). The design and approval; of construction documents is a key process which the construction phase is able to depend on to enhance the success of the projects. This means that Lyon construction will be unable to continue with the construction phase without these key documents, which they are needed to enhance this phase of project. The delay in the design is a key element, which will be able to affect the construction phase. The approval of the key document is need to be timely to ensure that Lyon construction is able to commence the construction phase (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). In addition, some of the documents can be signed and approved while the construction phase is in process. Failure to have these approval will mean that the contractors works will be hindered. The architect P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers a re the major responsible stakeholders who have to make sure that the delivered construction documents are approved for the construction. The major channel which P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineers are able to use will include that P. J. O'Reilly Associate and the engineers will conduct the approving authorities (Wu, 2011). After that, they will present the documents to Lyon construction and ensure that the contractors have the key approved documents, which need to be used in the construction phase. Another key risk, which is found on this phase of construction, is errors, omissions and discrepancies in the design. The design process is the key process, which is able to enhance the successful completion of the construction phase. The errors in the design means that the construction will lead to the wrong completion of the project will may lead to changes in future. This will be able to lead to additional cost after the construction due to the changes which will be required. Any discrepancies in the design are able to affect the continuous construction phase of the industry (ztas And kmen, 2005). In addition, any key omission on the design is able to mean that the construction process will be stalled. This means that the project cannot be completed with the proper design and Lyon construction work will be hindered highly (Lingard Rowlinson, 2005). The best personnel to resolve the risks, which happen in the design, are the engineers and P. J. O'Reilly Associate. These key perso nnel will be able to hold meetings together and resolve any design risks which might happened. In addition, they will be able to involve Fagg Bros Pty Ltd to ensure that he or she is aware of the construction status. After that, P. J. O'Reilly Associate and engineer will be able to call Lyon construction and update him about the changes which has been done to resolve these risks. In conclusion, the risks in the pre-construction and construction phases of a project are able to stall the successful completion of construction projects. These key risks have different people who are responsible for their resolving. The client, architects, engineer and the contractors are some of the key personnel who are responsible for resolving these risks. The key elements and risks resolving is able to enhance the continuation of the construction and completion of the construction projects. References BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM). (2005). Variability in construction insurance and alternative insurance solutions. [Ottawa, Ont.], Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/250380. Construction industry publications, ltd, construction confederation. . (1999). Risk assessment in construction guide. Sheldon, Birmingham, Construction Industry Publications. EDWARDS, L. (2009). Practical risk management in the construction industry. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. ENGINEERS, I. O. C. (2006). Reducing Occupational Health Risks In Construction: Manage The Risks Not The Symptoms. London, Institution of Civil Engineers. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3307780. Hughes, p., ferrett, E. (2016). Introduction to health and safety in construction: for the NEBOSH national certificate in construction health and safety. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4015309. Lingard, h., rowlinson, S. M. (2005). Occupational health and safety in construction project management. London, Spon Press. LUDHRA, S. (2015). Common sense guide to health and safety in construction. https://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315858784. MANSEAU, A., SHIELDS, R. (2005). Building tomorrow: innovation in construction and engineering. Aldershot, Hants, England, Ashgate. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (U.S.). (2009). Construction research at NIOSH: reviews of research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378465. OSIPOVA, E. APLEBERGER, L. (2007), Risk management in different forms of contract and collaboration - case of Sweden. CIB World Building Congress 2007. 14-18 May 2007, Cape Town ZTAS, A. AND KMEN, O. (2005), Judgmental risk analysis process development in construction projects. Building and Environment, 40 (9), 1244-1254. SMITH, N. J., MERNA, T., JOBLING, P. (2014). Managing risk in construction projects. Smith, N.J., Merna, T. and Jobling, P. (2006): Managing risk in construction projects. Blackwell, Oxford. WU, D. D. (2011). Modeling risk management in sustainable construction. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=646508. ZOU, P., SUNINDIJO, R. Y. (2015). Strategic safety management in construction and engineering. https://site.ebrary.com/id/11041428.

Beazleys Corporate Governance

Introduction: Beazley’s Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a broad concept that covers a set of processes, laws and policies that determine the operations of a corporation or company in terms of administration and control (Bebchuk and Roe 1999). It essentially encompasses accountability of individuals in the corporation and mechanisms that advocate against the principle agent problem (Dignam and Lowry 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Beazley is an insurance company that provides its clients with excellent underwriting and claims services all over the world. The company was started in 1986 by Andrew Beazley and Nicholas Furlonge and since then the company has grown steadily in terms of the risks they cover, the number of clients they serve and their geographic reach (Beazley Annual report 2010). Beazley Company has had a continued growth record in the insurance business which has given it a diversified market value. The company has further operated with a continuous record of profitability since its formation. Since 1986 the company has expanded in its operations and by 2010, the company included the following as its business lines: Life, accident and health – life, personal accident and sports Marine – energy, hull, cargo and war Political risks and contingency Property – commercial and private Reinsurance – insurance of insurance companies covering risks such as hurricanes and other natural catastrophes; and Specialty lines – insurance for professional and management liabilities ( Beazley Annual Report 2010). In this paper we are going to evaluate the case of Beazley Company’s corporate governance with regard to its compliance and disclosure of principles of governance and stakeholders as required by the UK corporate governance act of 2010. Compliance a nd Disclosure of Principles of Governance Leadership Any company’s corporate leadership is composed of the top executives who oversee the company’s operations and plot its strategies for the future where these leaders include the chief executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Information Officer (CIO) and board members (Pound 1993). Under the UK corporate governance code these involve clear cut role of the board which encases managing organization’s assets as well as determining and organizing company’s strategy, the role of the chairman who is responsible for efficient running of the board and the role of the chief executive who is responsible for efficient running of the company’s business.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic leadership under the corporate code requires a w ell authored and effective board of directors with outstanding competencies in the operation of the business (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). In leadership Beazley company has a well constituted system with nine independent non executive directors and eight executive directors (Beazley Annual report 2010). All non executive directors are taken by the company to be independent of management and free of any relationship and this helps because they don’t get interference in their autonomous judgments (Hayek 1969). Moreover the Beazley Annual report (2010) lists the competency of the board members and from this it can be seen that members have a wide range of business experience and this is a proof of the kind of skills that has propelled such a big company to success for years (p. 6). However the corporate governance act 2010 outlines the diversity which should be considered in the board appointments and which is not seen in the Beazley company report in terms of implementation. Ac cording to the report there is no woman in the board executive and this shows gender disparity in the administration of Beazley Company (Curtis 2007). Another role which is not well spelled as required by the corporate governance of the UK is the role of the chairman and the information whether he holds any private meetings with non executive members of the board as required by the corporate governance (Blair 1995). Holding meeting with non executive board members enables the chair to develop a kind of universality where by he works with each party and can effectively know the strengths and weaknesses of both executive and non executive members (Allen 1995). Failure to check on these components can undermines the well being of the company and can easily lead to its questionable corporate governance (O’Sullivan 2000). Accountability Accountability is the obligation of a company to present an account of its operations to another party which involves two parties; the agent and t he principle. The agent must give an account of the company while the principle is the party to whom the account is given (Sternberg 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Beazley’s Corporate Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interestingly, the relationship between the principle and the agent is that one is in favour of more accountability, while the other is in favour of less accountability and this leads to a kind of power battle between the two (Warren 2000). The report of Beazley demonstrates accountability in their operations in terms of leadership, investor relations, board member composition and competencies, remunerations as well as rewards for both shareholders and staff. The most comprehensive part of accountability is narrated in the report’s financial statements (Beazley Annual report 2010, p.79). The report also gives a clear analysis of the group income statements, the stat ement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, statement of financial positions and statement of cash flows all which is in line with the requirements of the UK corporate governance (Hayek 1969). The elements of accountability include not only the financial but also some sensitive information which if not disclosed to all stakeholders it can undermine the integrity of the company (Gamble and Kelly 2001). It is therefore required that every corporate company understand the importance of disclosing even sensitive information like financial and property ownership without regard to the corporate face before competitors so as to maintain investor confidence which can mean that investors are rational and would tend to invest where they can feel and see transparency (Warren 2000). Effectiveness Corporate effectiveness is achieved when a company supervise its duties well and adopts correct skills, knowledge and experienced resources. For a company to be effective the board s hould be of sufficient size that caters for the requirement of the business and this means that the board should not be too large (Johnson and Ellstrand 1996). For any company to claim effectiveness the UK corporate governance requires that the combinations of the executive and non-executive writers should be balanced (Gamble and Kelly 2001).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For effectiveness there is also a provision that the board committees must have appropriate balance of skills, experience and knowledge which should be refreshed through rigorous training so as to carry their duties effectively (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). In effectiveness Beazley company has a very effective management as demonstrated by the 2010 report where qualified staff with traceable experience and knowledge in business in their line of operation (Beazley Annual Report 2010). The company has eight executive directors and nine non executive directors which demonstrate a balance as required by the UK corporate code (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). This is a sufficient size that is composed of people with skills that all fulfill the requirements of the company business. However the report has not stated how the committee members should be refreshed nor has it set out procedures for the appointment of directors which should allude to the effectiveness of the b oard (Curtis 2007). The corporate governance has that appointments should be made on merit and this should be seen stated in the report including strategies for orderly succession for both board and senior management for continued skills and experience (Turnbull 1998). Remuneration The monetary rewards and some complementary benefits that an employer issues to the employee in exchange for their services rendered in the operations of the business is what is termed as remuneration and they also encompass other mechanisms that are coming up as means of complementary benefits (Greenbury Committee1995). Corporate balance is also driven by the ability of the company to strike a level of remuneration that attract, retain and motivate qualified talents as directors and at the same time enable the company to operate smoothly. A remuneration package for executive directors should be checked so that rewards are relative to individual performance and this should be done by a remuneration commit tee (Greenbury Committee 1995). According to the report of the company there are many benefits that stakeholders accrue from this company and most of the strategies that are identified for the employees especially the remuneration packages and the bonus packages (Friedman and Miles 2002). The company has also constituted remuneration committee which has enlisted clearly the remuneration elements with the remuneration package payable to each executive director. Beazley Annual Report (2010) establishes the package to each executive director comprises basic salary, short term incentive payments, pension contribution, long term and share based incentives and others. The remuneration committee considers the individual remuneration package of the deputy chairman, chief executive among other senior members of staff. There is also a remuneration policy which is put in place where a general reward strategy for executive directors is trickled down to all other company’s employees and t herefore fair remuneration to management and staff is assured. The report also outlines the key elements of the company’s remuneration policies, the risk and reward as well as a detailed report of salaries and fees for the 2010 and 2011 for all staff starting with the executive director’s fee to executive salary. However, under the level and components of remuneration the report does not clearly narrate whether non executive’s remuneration should reflect time commitment or not. This is vital information in order to ensure that the company do not encourage poor performance among the directors. Further the report do not include measures put forward in case a director terminate his duties before is term, a gap which could lead to rewarding non performers. Generally the performance incentive for executive officers come from firm’s shares they own and this goes to an extend where in corporate governance when the shares of executive directors are above 20 perce nt, they tend to be reluctant on the issues and welfare of shareholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Although this information, regarding shareholding by executives, is crucial for the investor to know the level of share owned by the executives, it is never clearly stated in the report. Relations with Shareholders A shareholder, also known as a stockholder, is an individual or institution with legal ownership of one or more shares of stock in a private or public company and generally shareholders own the stock but not the corporation (Adolf 1962). The corporate code of the UK provides that companies establish a dialogue framework with shareholders so as to strengthen mutual understanding of the company’s objectives and responsibilities of the board. This policy should also keep abreast of the shareholder opinions in a way that is practical and efficient for the good of both the company and stakeholders (La Porta et al. 1999). Under the shareholder relation the chairman should ensu re that shareholder opinions are communicated to the board and make sure that governance and strategy are discussed with major shareholders. Moreover, non executive directors should be allowed to attend meetings with major shareholders and especially the senior independent non executive director should attend as many meetings as possible so as to have sufficient understanding of shareholder issues and concerns (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). It is crucial for the company board of directors to ensure that all board members are well versed with the views of major share holders (Adolf 1962). Beazley report covers investor relations through frequent communication to address shareholder’s needs by supplying a flow of information about the company especially its strategy and performance. For efficiency the committee seeks advice from Hewitt new bridge street and Deloitte LLP and specialist advice from a variety of additional sources especially from Bluefin advisory service s limited for benefits and pensions advice. Moreover the group performance reward incentive initiatives are enumerated starting with a long term incentive plan performance related pay, enterprise bonus pool, among other share schemes that are aimed at retaining staff (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.7). All these packages give employees and other stakeholders a sense of commitment and can also attract more investors, instill sustainable investor confidence and therefore good company performance (Turnbull 1998). However, Beazley company report of 2010 does not exhaustively cover how they foster dialogue with major shareholders. While this may seem to be insignificant the opinion of the shareholders is very vital especially for board members when discussing governance strategies (Allen 1995). Risk management disclosure In the report also the company has disclosed the risks they underwrite and states: The risks we underwrite are diverse, including the crews of ships and aircraft, televis ion crews on assignment to high risk locations, credit card holders and key man cover for corporate executives. The depth of our experience as a direct insurer in this class is often invaluable to us as a reinsurer, giving us a better understanding of the risks we are shown. (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p.20) The report discloses that the company management operates in a solvency II environment where a challenge is provided to the business and reporting to the board on the risk landscape. This has been clearly disclosed by the report with a clear framework with risk appetite, risk governance and reporting categories (Beazley Annual Report 2010, p. 47). This information is vital to the stakeholders, investors and clients in instilling company’s confidence for its success (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). Stakeholder A stakeholder is defined as any human agency that is able to influence or get influenced the activities of the organization and for the case of Beazley Comp any the stakeholders whose welfare is very much emphasized are employees (Gamble and Kelly 2001). Significant stakeholders The most important stakeholders for this Beazley insurance company are clients, employees, competitors, financial community, customer advocates and shareholders and being an insurance company a lot of customer relation will be paramount because it will basically deal with claims and legal matters (Friedman and Miles 2002; Freeman 1984). Beazley and stakeholders According to the company report the company can be said to have considerations for its stakeholders such as employees and shareholders and this enable it to have a wider purpose to deliver quality services to its clients. One strategy that the company has taken to deal with competitors is to ensure that the UK corporate governance requirements are implemented largely and this is not only better for competitor management but also for all other stakeholders. Information disclosure Beazley has given enough i nformation concerning its operations which could enable the company to foster good relation and hence performance (Bebchuck 2004). Companies that are transparent to stakeholders can easily articulate their demands as explained by the legitimacy theory and this can be true with Beazley Company because it has given substantial information regarding its accounts that spells out the importance of stakeholder in the company (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). For any company to demonstrate transparency and good corporate governance it must be clear in dealing with some important areas such as leadership, well supervised performance, sustainable access to capital market, risk reduction among others which all play an important role in the continuity of the corporate performance (Warren 2000). This will be good for both the stakeholders; shareholders in the company who plays a key role in fostering investor confidence (Freeman 1984). However more has to be done on stakeholder engagemen t like taking customer views by establishing a customer care services and making strategies that are in line with changing treads in the market (O’sullivan and Mcnaughton 2010). The company can also establish some workable relation with all stakeholders for the sake of furthering its interest and this can be by giving substantial financial and social information which will enable the company to garner wide support to beat their opponents. Conclusion According to this report Beazley Company can be said to have a higher stake in operating in line with the UK corporate rules. Today much debate on corporate governance has centered on practical issues and that is true with the UK corporate governance which is tailored to check on corporate fraud, abuse of managerial power as well as social irresponsibility. This paper found out that the Beazley Company has substantially tried to apply the corporate governance provisions with regard to putting measures that can ensure accountabilit y, effectiveness, sustainable leadership, and encouraging remunerations. However Beazley has to work out some loopholes like gender balance, chairman roles disclosure among others evident in their report in order to rank high in its corporate governance. This is the dream and the objective of the UK corporate governance which seeks to regulate the investor interest and the corporation interests as well. Reference List Adolf, B., 1962. Modern Function of the Corporate System. Columbia Law Review, 62(1), p. 399. Allen, W.T., 1995. The Evolution of Corporate Boards. Corporate Board, 4(1) pp. 141 – 61. Beazley Annual report, 2010. Beazley plc Annual report and accounts (Online) Web. Bebchuck, L.A., 2004. The Case for Increasing Shareholder Power. Harvard Law Review, 73(1), pp.409–493. Blair, M., 1995. Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-first Century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Bebchuk, L. and Roe, M., 1999. A Theory of Path De pendence in Corporate Ownership and Governance. Stanford Law Review, vol.52, no.1, pp.143-7. Dignam, A. and Lowry, J., 2006. Company Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Curtis, C., 2007. The Reform of Corporate Governance: Major Trends in the U.S. Corporate Boardroom, 1977-1997. London and New York: Routledge. Freeman, R.E., 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman. Friedman, l. and Miles, S., 2002. Developing Stakeholder Theory. Journal of Management Studies, 39(1), pp.1–21. Gamble, A. and Kelly, G., 2001. Shareholder Value and the Stakeholder Debate in the UK. Corporate Governance, 9(2), pp.110–117. Greenbury Committee, 1995. Directors’ Remuneration: Report of A Study Group. London: Gee. Hayek, F., 1969. The Corporation in a democratic society: In whose interest ought it and will it be run? In: H. I. Ansoff, ed. Business Strategy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp.124–146. Johnson, D. and Ellstrand, A., 1996. Boards of Directors: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 22(3), pp.409–439. La Porta, et al., 1999. Corporate Ownership around the World. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), pp.471-517. O’Sullivan, M.A., 2000. Contests for Corporate Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. O’sullivan, R. and Mcnaughton, R., 2010. New UK Corporate Governance Code. London: Paul Hastings. Pound, J., 1993. The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate Control. New York University Law Review, 68(5), pp.1003–1071. Sternberg, E., 1998. Corporate Governance: Accountability in the Marketplace. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs. Turnbull, S., 1998. Should Ownership Last Forever? Journal of Socio-Economics, 27(2), pp.341–364. Warren, R.C., 2000. Corporate Governance and Accountability. Bromborough: Liverpool Academic Press. This report on Beazley’s Corporate Governance was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Out of this Furnance essays

Out of this Furnance essays History is based on facts; novels are grounded in the authors imagination. Novels make interesting reading but are not particularly useful in studying history. After reading this quote, I thought deeply about was this person was trying to say. There are not many novels out there that can give you a full sense history, but in this book it does. I have recently read Out of this Furnace by Thomas Bell and I believe it to be a real and true statement of what life was like in the mid 1880s. This novel is about immigrants beginning a quest to start the American dream in the United States. Its a new beginning. They wanted to make money, to start a family, and become somebody in this wealth of riches. During the 1880s, there was a large number of immigrants came to the United States to make money. Most of these people must have been unhappy with their native homeland and decided to come over here. The problem with all of these people coming over was the fact that the owners of major companies could take advantage of all these people. With this power they were able to set wages that were extremely low. The immigrants had no other choice but to take these jobs and deal with the low pay. There was a good quote that shows this portrayal. His wages were ten cents an hour, and when bad times came and the company cut wages, nine. It was an excellent month when he made as much as twenty-five dollars (Bell, 21). This still was a problem because many of these people couldnt afford to live at all. Some of them have families couldnt even eat. America doesnt make it so easy for people to become wealthy and have tons of riches. In order for these immigrants to grow in riches, they must start from the bottom and try to move up. Sadly, they begin a long process of trying to show America what they are and what they can do. During these times, man ...

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Research Paper

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Specifically in 1935 - Research Paper Example Although there are still several catalogs of earthquakes that exist, the early events were in particular due to some errors, location biasness and incompleteness. Using original sources, it has been confirmed that more than a thousand earthquakes were macro-seismic locations and have assigned the MS magnitudes to the earthquakes since 1892. There have been 34 important earthquakes recorded in this reason of which one of the most significant one took place on 31st May 1935 (Erduran‎ et al., 2012). This earthquake took place at 3am in the middle of the night. It was known as the deadliest earthquake in South Asia. This was the most seismic region of Pakistan at the top of the Chamman and Chiltan fault lines. The earthquake lasted for three minutes but had several immense aftershocks. The tremors of the earthquake were felt a long distance away and the destruction was caused in all the towns near Quetta, the main city, including the city itself. The earthquake had killed 30,000 to 60,000 people in the region. The aftershocks, however, did not cause much damage in Quetta but in the surrounding regions. The scientists have found out the main causes of the earthquakes in Baluchistan from 1892 to 2001 and have analyzed the issues as a wide topic. Most of the research was based on the 1935 earthquake as it is marked as a few of the deadliest ones in the 20th century. The significance of this topic in the lives of the Pakistanis and Asians can be seen through various consequences and analyses made by the scientists. To develop the topic and introduce the issues, it is important to see what type of an earthquake it was actually. The earthquake was, as recorded in the new instruments, 7.7 MW while the previous instruments had recorded 8.1 MW which was a wrongly calculated amount. The epicenter of the earthquake was recorded to be 4.0 km from Ali Jaan, a town in Quetta. The focal depth of the earthquake was 17kms ?(Ambraseys & Bilham, 2003). ? According to the scientists these earthquakes took place in Baluchistan because of the fault lines in the region. It happened due to the two blocks of earth suddenly colliding past one another. The earthquake of 1935 is recorded to have no foreshocks which are the movements felt before the earthquake happened. Records show that there were no such claims. However, it is true that scientists cannot tell whether it is a foreshock before the main earthquake happens, but after the earthquake occurred in 1935, it was held that there were no foreshocks experienced. Even though there were no foreshocks, the earthquake had some unusual events recorded prior to the earthquake. It is true that scientists have not yet found a way in which the earthquakes can be predicted, yet they can analyze how and when they are most likely to occur in future. Quetta is said to be hit by the 1935 quake again in the near future however, the time can never be accurately told. The unusual events that scientists recorded before the earthquake were unusual bright lights, flashes of lights in the mountains, landslides, dust clouds and rock falls. Unusual event s seem to be unjustified even after many years of research as the scientists say that earthquakes have very less to do with the weather changes. They cannot be predicted by any machines or instruments. They shake the earth’s surface because of the collision of faults. The Quetta earthquake was also a sudden event where hundreds of people were buried under the rubble because it was 3am in the morning and most of them were not awake to assess the emergency. The significance and further details of the earthquake are discussed later. However, this earthquake holds immense significance as it